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Aims <p>Conventional segmented straw return practices often impede crop root growth and field operations. To address these limitations, we developed an innovative technique incorporating powdered straw into paddy field.</p> Methods <p>A two-year rice cultivation experiment was conducted to evaluate the impacts of two irrigation methods: shallow and frequent irrigation (SFI) and controlled irrigation (CI), combined with segmented straw (S) and powdered straw (P) on methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) and nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O) emissions, soil organic carbon (SOC), and grain yield.</p> Results <p>Straw return increased SOC across all treatments. The combination of controlled irrigation with powdered straw (CI + P) emerged as the most effective strategy, achieving the highest SOC, rice yield, economic benefits, while simultaneously minimizing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Compared to CI + P, other treatments significantly increased CH<sub>4</sub> emissions and global warming potential (GWP). Notably, CI + P significantly enhanced yield by 8.02%-12.84% over other treatments.</p> Conclusion <p>Powdered straw outperformed segmented straw in yield enhancement and emission reduction. Therefore, CI with powdered straw return is an effective approach to ensure increased yield, reduced emissions, and enhanced profitability in paddy fields.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Controlled irrigation combined with powdered straw return enhance rice yield while mitigating greenhouse gas emissions

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月9日

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  • Jinhua Zhang,
  • Yugeng Guo,
  • Bingxiao Liu,
  • Xiaohui Xu,
  • Zexun Liu,
  • Han Han,
  • Xiangping Guo,
  • Xing Yang,
  • Wenye Zhang

摘要

Aims

Conventional segmented straw return practices often impede crop root growth and field operations. To address these limitations, we developed an innovative technique incorporating powdered straw into paddy field.

Methods

A two-year rice cultivation experiment was conducted to evaluate the impacts of two irrigation methods: shallow and frequent irrigation (SFI) and controlled irrigation (CI), combined with segmented straw (S) and powdered straw (P) on methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, soil organic carbon (SOC), and grain yield.

Results

Straw return increased SOC across all treatments. The combination of controlled irrigation with powdered straw (CI + P) emerged as the most effective strategy, achieving the highest SOC, rice yield, economic benefits, while simultaneously minimizing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Compared to CI + P, other treatments significantly increased CH4 emissions and global warming potential (GWP). Notably, CI + P significantly enhanced yield by 8.02%-12.84% over other treatments.

Conclusion

Powdered straw outperformed segmented straw in yield enhancement and emission reduction. Therefore, CI with powdered straw return is an effective approach to ensure increased yield, reduced emissions, and enhanced profitability in paddy fields.

Graphical Abstract