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Background and Aim <p>Plants respond to resource stress by adjusting above- and below-ground biomass allocation, growth, morphological and multiple traits. Yet, whether these traits are differently coordinated among vegetable types to alleviate resource stress is unclear.</p> Methods <p>Here, we examined three types of vegetable (leafy, stem and fruit vegetables, and each type included three vegetable species) about nitrogen and/or light shortages and calculated 16 above- and below-ground trait adjustments in the alleviation of these stresses (plus several underlying traits).</p> Results <p>The results showed that both light and nitrogen stress significantly impacted above- and below-ground biomass allocation. Under nitrogen stress, below-ground biomass obviously increased. Stresses had distinct effects on plant growth, with leafy vegetables showing increased leaf mass fraction and max. plant height under light stress, while stem and fruit vegetables declined. Fruit vegetables exhibited the most significant increase in root length and surface area under N stress. Leafy vegetables showed higher trait plasticity under both light and nitrogen stress, primarily by optimizing leaf morphology and adjusting resource allocation to improve light capture and nitrogen uptake. In contrast, stem and fruit vegetables exhibited less trait plasticity, showing more constrained growth responses. Adaptive adjustment of vegetable to environmental is related to stress and species-specific traits.</p> Conclusion <p>The findings contribute to a better understanding of how different vegetable types respond to combined environmental stressors and offer practical implications for agricultural management strategies aimed at improving crop performance under challenging environmental conditions.</p>

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Asymmetric responses of above- and below-ground traits to light and nitrogen stress in three vegetable types

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月6日

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  • Rong Liang,
  • Ruifang Zhang,
  • Chi Zhang,
  • Hong Wang,
  • Xin-Xin Wang

摘要

Background and Aim

Plants respond to resource stress by adjusting above- and below-ground biomass allocation, growth, morphological and multiple traits. Yet, whether these traits are differently coordinated among vegetable types to alleviate resource stress is unclear.

Methods

Here, we examined three types of vegetable (leafy, stem and fruit vegetables, and each type included three vegetable species) about nitrogen and/or light shortages and calculated 16 above- and below-ground trait adjustments in the alleviation of these stresses (plus several underlying traits).

Results

The results showed that both light and nitrogen stress significantly impacted above- and below-ground biomass allocation. Under nitrogen stress, below-ground biomass obviously increased. Stresses had distinct effects on plant growth, with leafy vegetables showing increased leaf mass fraction and max. plant height under light stress, while stem and fruit vegetables declined. Fruit vegetables exhibited the most significant increase in root length and surface area under N stress. Leafy vegetables showed higher trait plasticity under both light and nitrogen stress, primarily by optimizing leaf morphology and adjusting resource allocation to improve light capture and nitrogen uptake. In contrast, stem and fruit vegetables exhibited less trait plasticity, showing more constrained growth responses. Adaptive adjustment of vegetable to environmental is related to stress and species-specific traits.

Conclusion

The findings contribute to a better understanding of how different vegetable types respond to combined environmental stressors and offer practical implications for agricultural management strategies aimed at improving crop performance under challenging environmental conditions.