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Background and aims <p>Banana Fusarium wilt is normally caused by the highly virulent pathogen <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> f. sp. <i>cubense</i> Tropical Race 4 (Foc TR4). The effector proteins secreted by Foc TR4 strains are strongly associated with its pathogenicity. This study aimed to investigate the impact of a candidate effector FocAntigen1 on the pathogenicity of FocTR4, and identify the interacting proteins of FocAntigen1 in banana.</p> Methods <p>We overexpressed <i>FocAntigen1</i> in <i>Nicotiana benthamiana</i> (<i>N. benthamiana</i>) to determine whether it is an effector protein. We compared the pathogenicity differences of FocTR4 wild-type, <i>FocAntigen1</i> gene knockout and complementation strains in infecting Brazilian banana plants. The interacting proteins of FocAntigen1 in Brazilian banana roots were identified by pull-down assay coupled with mass spectrometry (pull-down-MS). We used qRT-PCR to analyze the gene expression patterns of FocAntigen1 candidate interacting proteins in Brazilian banana roots treated with different strains, and to determine the proteins that may directly interact with FocAntigen1. We confirmed the key interacting proteins of FocAntigen1 using yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) assays and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC).</p> Results <p>Heterologous expression of <i>FocAntigen1</i> in <i>N. benthamiana</i> leaves elicited hypersensitive response (HR)-like cell death. Knockout of <i>FocAntigen1</i> gene in Foc TR4 significantly attenuated virulence toward Brazilian banana, while genetic complementation fully restored disease progression. The scaffold protein MaRACK1 was identified as a direct host target of FocAntigen1 in banana.</p> Conclusions <p>FocAntigen1 as a critical pathogenicity effector required for Foc TR4 virulence, targeting a central immune regulator in banana.</p>

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Identification of FocAntigen1 as a pathogenicity effector in Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense tropical race 4 targeting the scaffold protein MaRACK1 in banana

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月6日

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  • Lili Chang,
  • Cunzhi Peng,
  • Dan Wang,
  • Yang Cao,
  • Xiaoqi Jiang,
  • Xia Zhou,
  • Lilan Zhang,
  • Xupeng Wang,
  • Zhonghai Liao,
  • Hua Kong,
  • Zheng Tong

摘要

Background and aims

Banana Fusarium wilt is normally caused by the highly virulent pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Tropical Race 4 (Foc TR4). The effector proteins secreted by Foc TR4 strains are strongly associated with its pathogenicity. This study aimed to investigate the impact of a candidate effector FocAntigen1 on the pathogenicity of FocTR4, and identify the interacting proteins of FocAntigen1 in banana.

Methods

We overexpressed FocAntigen1 in Nicotiana benthamiana (N. benthamiana) to determine whether it is an effector protein. We compared the pathogenicity differences of FocTR4 wild-type, FocAntigen1 gene knockout and complementation strains in infecting Brazilian banana plants. The interacting proteins of FocAntigen1 in Brazilian banana roots were identified by pull-down assay coupled with mass spectrometry (pull-down-MS). We used qRT-PCR to analyze the gene expression patterns of FocAntigen1 candidate interacting proteins in Brazilian banana roots treated with different strains, and to determine the proteins that may directly interact with FocAntigen1. We confirmed the key interacting proteins of FocAntigen1 using yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) assays and bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC).

Results

Heterologous expression of FocAntigen1 in N. benthamiana leaves elicited hypersensitive response (HR)-like cell death. Knockout of FocAntigen1 gene in Foc TR4 significantly attenuated virulence toward Brazilian banana, while genetic complementation fully restored disease progression. The scaffold protein MaRACK1 was identified as a direct host target of FocAntigen1 in banana.

Conclusions

FocAntigen1 as a critical pathogenicity effector required for Foc TR4 virulence, targeting a central immune regulator in banana.