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Background and aims <p>Sulfur (S) is an essential macronutrient for terrestrial life and plays a critical role in plant metabolic processes, particularly in the biosynthesis of significant secondary metabolites under environmental stress. Soil bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are key contributors to plant S acquisition. Sandy-textured soils are highly prone to sulfate leaching, often leading to widespread S deficiency in drylands. However, the mechanisms by which AMF mediate S metabolic coordination between xerophytes and soil bacteria remain poorly understood in drylands.</p> Methods <p>We established a controlled system with <i>Artemisia ordosica</i> and <i>Funneliformis mosseae</i> under three soil water content (SWC) regimes (3%, 6%, 9% SWC). Metabolomic profiling and 16S rRNA gene sequencing were integrated to analyze root S metabolites and rhizobacterial S metabolic potential.</p> Results <p>AMF significantly enhanced sulfite oxidation (<i>sorB</i>, <i>SUOX</i>, and <i>soeABC</i>) by approximately 160% in rhizosphere soils under moderate drought (6% SWC), concurrently suppressing dissimilatory sulfate reduction (<i>sat</i> and <i>aprAB</i>) by approximately 35% under extreme drought (3% SWC) as inferred from bacterial functional prediction. Root metabolomics identified AMF-driven accumulation of thiamine and methionine. Furthermore, we observed a significant coupling between bacterial sulfite oxidation potential and plant S-containing metabolites in AMF systems, which was absent in non-AMF controls.</p> Conclusions <p>AMF reshaped bacterial S processes via a dual engineering strategy: enriching bacteria with sulfite-oxidizing potential while inhibiting those with sulfate-reducing potential. AMF also enhanced the S utilization potential of <i>A. ordosica</i>. This tripartite coordination between AMF, host plants, and bacteria provides novel insights into drought adaptation mechanisms in drylands.</p>

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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi enhance the potential of sulfur metabolic coordination between a dominant shrub species and soil bacteria in northern China

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月6日

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  • Guannan Zhu,
  • Shuyi Fang,
  • Haojun Nong,
  • Shugao Qin,
  • Yuqing Zhang

摘要

Background and aims

Sulfur (S) is an essential macronutrient for terrestrial life and plays a critical role in plant metabolic processes, particularly in the biosynthesis of significant secondary metabolites under environmental stress. Soil bacteria and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are key contributors to plant S acquisition. Sandy-textured soils are highly prone to sulfate leaching, often leading to widespread S deficiency in drylands. However, the mechanisms by which AMF mediate S metabolic coordination between xerophytes and soil bacteria remain poorly understood in drylands.

Methods

We established a controlled system with Artemisia ordosica and Funneliformis mosseae under three soil water content (SWC) regimes (3%, 6%, 9% SWC). Metabolomic profiling and 16S rRNA gene sequencing were integrated to analyze root S metabolites and rhizobacterial S metabolic potential.

Results

AMF significantly enhanced sulfite oxidation (sorB, SUOX, and soeABC) by approximately 160% in rhizosphere soils under moderate drought (6% SWC), concurrently suppressing dissimilatory sulfate reduction (sat and aprAB) by approximately 35% under extreme drought (3% SWC) as inferred from bacterial functional prediction. Root metabolomics identified AMF-driven accumulation of thiamine and methionine. Furthermore, we observed a significant coupling between bacterial sulfite oxidation potential and plant S-containing metabolites in AMF systems, which was absent in non-AMF controls.

Conclusions

AMF reshaped bacterial S processes via a dual engineering strategy: enriching bacteria with sulfite-oxidizing potential while inhibiting those with sulfate-reducing potential. AMF also enhanced the S utilization potential of A. ordosica. This tripartite coordination between AMF, host plants, and bacteria provides novel insights into drought adaptation mechanisms in drylands.