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Aims <p>Land use change significantly impacts terrestrial ecosystems. However, few studies have systematically examined the effects of agricultural land-use changes on saline-alkali soil properties and microbial characteristics, nor have they explored the relationships among soil quality index (SQI), microbial diversity, and network complexity.</p> Methods <p>Three cropping patterns were compared over a ten-year experimental period: continuous rice monocropping (Paddy), paddy fields converted to maize upland fields (Paddy to upland), and continuous maize monocropping (Upland). Assessments were conducted on carbon and nitrogen sequestration, soil physicochemical properties, soil quality index, microbial communities, and co-occurrence networks within the 0–40&#xa0;cm soil layer.</p> Results <p>Paddy to upland significantly reduced soil salinization and enhanced topsoil carbon and nitrogen storage (12.33%–37.43%), whereas paddy increased subsoil storage (31.9%–37.17%). SOC and TN storage were closely linked to soil aggregates, with macroaggregates being more prevalent in paddy and paddy to upland, and microaggregates dominating in upland. Macroaggregates, which serve as primary reservoirs for SOC and TN, contained significantly higher levels of carbon and nitrogen. Compared to upland, paddy to upland increased the topsoil SQI by 59.0%, while paddy enhanced SQI in both topsoil (122.6%) and subsoil (46.8%). Additionally, fungal abundance and diversity were found to be more sensitive to land use changes. Microbial network complexity is a key soil microbial attribute that mediated the association between environmental factors and soil quality during land use changes.</p> Conclusions <p>Aggregate stability, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, sodium content, and microbial network complexity were the main factors affecting SQI.</p>

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Stable soil aggregates and complex microbial networks enhances soil quality in saline-alkali agroecosystem

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月22日

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  • Bangyan Zhang,
  • Jinmin Wu,
  • Rui Bu,
  • Xiaoli Zhang,
  • Xiaolong Bai,
  • Lei Li,
  • Meilin Lin,
  • Yifei Zhang,
  • Xing Xu,
  • Bin Wang

摘要

Aims

Land use change significantly impacts terrestrial ecosystems. However, few studies have systematically examined the effects of agricultural land-use changes on saline-alkali soil properties and microbial characteristics, nor have they explored the relationships among soil quality index (SQI), microbial diversity, and network complexity.

Methods

Three cropping patterns were compared over a ten-year experimental period: continuous rice monocropping (Paddy), paddy fields converted to maize upland fields (Paddy to upland), and continuous maize monocropping (Upland). Assessments were conducted on carbon and nitrogen sequestration, soil physicochemical properties, soil quality index, microbial communities, and co-occurrence networks within the 0–40 cm soil layer.

Results

Paddy to upland significantly reduced soil salinization and enhanced topsoil carbon and nitrogen storage (12.33%–37.43%), whereas paddy increased subsoil storage (31.9%–37.17%). SOC and TN storage were closely linked to soil aggregates, with macroaggregates being more prevalent in paddy and paddy to upland, and microaggregates dominating in upland. Macroaggregates, which serve as primary reservoirs for SOC and TN, contained significantly higher levels of carbon and nitrogen. Compared to upland, paddy to upland increased the topsoil SQI by 59.0%, while paddy enhanced SQI in both topsoil (122.6%) and subsoil (46.8%). Additionally, fungal abundance and diversity were found to be more sensitive to land use changes. Microbial network complexity is a key soil microbial attribute that mediated the association between environmental factors and soil quality during land use changes.

Conclusions

Aggregate stability, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, sodium content, and microbial network complexity were the main factors affecting SQI.