Scholarlink

Background <p>This review examines how nutritionally beneficial fungi enhance plant nutrient acquisition and proposes a new classification system based on their key functional and trophic traits. We highlight the evolutionary significance of biotrophy, especially in arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi, which fundamentally shapes their functional efficiency and ecological persistence.</p> Scope <p>The proposed classification system categorizes fungi by traits including (i) root colonization, (ii) direct nutrient transfer to plant via hyphae, (iii) nutrient solubilization and mineralization activities, and (iv) biotrophic traits.</p> Conclusions <p>Three main classes are defined: mycorrhizal fungi (MF), non-mycorrhizal nutritional fungi (NMNF), and feremycorrhizal fungi (FMF). Mycorrhizal fungi colonize roots and directly transfer nutrients to plants through either specialized interface structures (arbuscules, Hartig nets, fungal pegs) or non-specialized hyphae and hyphal coils, while also driving nutrient solubilization and mineralization. They display diverse trophic modes, including obligate biotrophic, facultative biotrophic, or dual saprotrophic-biotrophic. Non-mycorrhizal nutritional fungi include some root endophytes and saprotrophs that may not colonize roots, do not directly transfer nutrients to plants but enhance plant nutrition through their nutrient solubilization and mineralization activities, and lack biotrophic traits. Feremycorrhizal fungi neither colonize roots nor directly transfer nutrients to plants; instead, they indirectly improve plant nutrition through nutrient solubilization and mineralization activities, while retaining biotrophic traits derived from their ECM ancestry. Across all three classes, nutritional benefits for plants may be amplified or complemented by synergistic interactions with co-occurring beneficial soil microorganisms or mediated by bacterial endosymbionts. This new classification system provides a practical framework for categorizing nutritionally beneficial fungi based on their key traits, offering insights into their nutritional contributions to terrestrial ecosystems.</p>

错误：搜索内容不能为空，请输入英文关键词
错误：关键词超出字数限制，请精简
高级检索

A comparative analysis of fungi involved in plant nutrition

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月29日

查看全文
  • Khalil Kariman,
  • Zed Rengel,
  • Rodica Pena,
  • Saleh Rahimlou,
  • Mark Tibbett

摘要

Background

This review examines how nutritionally beneficial fungi enhance plant nutrient acquisition and proposes a new classification system based on their key functional and trophic traits. We highlight the evolutionary significance of biotrophy, especially in arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) and ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi, which fundamentally shapes their functional efficiency and ecological persistence.

Scope

The proposed classification system categorizes fungi by traits including (i) root colonization, (ii) direct nutrient transfer to plant via hyphae, (iii) nutrient solubilization and mineralization activities, and (iv) biotrophic traits.

Conclusions

Three main classes are defined: mycorrhizal fungi (MF), non-mycorrhizal nutritional fungi (NMNF), and feremycorrhizal fungi (FMF). Mycorrhizal fungi colonize roots and directly transfer nutrients to plants through either specialized interface structures (arbuscules, Hartig nets, fungal pegs) or non-specialized hyphae and hyphal coils, while also driving nutrient solubilization and mineralization. They display diverse trophic modes, including obligate biotrophic, facultative biotrophic, or dual saprotrophic-biotrophic. Non-mycorrhizal nutritional fungi include some root endophytes and saprotrophs that may not colonize roots, do not directly transfer nutrients to plants but enhance plant nutrition through their nutrient solubilization and mineralization activities, and lack biotrophic traits. Feremycorrhizal fungi neither colonize roots nor directly transfer nutrients to plants; instead, they indirectly improve plant nutrition through nutrient solubilization and mineralization activities, while retaining biotrophic traits derived from their ECM ancestry. Across all three classes, nutritional benefits for plants may be amplified or complemented by synergistic interactions with co-occurring beneficial soil microorganisms or mediated by bacterial endosymbionts. This new classification system provides a practical framework for categorizing nutritionally beneficial fungi based on their key traits, offering insights into their nutritional contributions to terrestrial ecosystems.