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Background and aims <p><i>Sclerotium rolfsii</i> Sacc. (teleomorph: <i>Agroathelia rolfsii</i> (Sacc.) Redhead &amp; Mullineux) causes southern blight in tomato, with persistent sclerotia serving as major infection sources. We previously found that <i>Streptomyces flavotricini</i> B25 (SF25) inhibits <i>S. rolfsii</i> sclerotia formation and mycelial growth in vitro. This study evaluates the biocontrol efficacy and underlying mechanisms of SF25 in tomato.</p> Methods <p>We investigated the control efficacy of SF25 against <i>S. rolfsii</i> through pot experiments and examined its mechanisms by comparing the <i>S. rolfsii</i> transcriptome, tomato resistance gene expression, and rhizosphere microbiome between treatments.</p> Results <p>Soil and seedling substrates amended with SF25 spore powder reduced southern blight severity by 31.1–75.0% and inhibited soil sclerotia formation by 35.4%. Transcriptomics revealed that SF25 metabolites downregulated genes related to integral and intrinsic membrane components, membrane, transporter activity, and transmembrane transporter activity, while upregulating genes associated with oxidoreductase activity of <i>S. rolfsii</i>. Application of SF25 to the soil upregulated the expression of <i>PR2</i>, <i>CHI3</i>, and <i>SlPI-II</i> genes associated with systemic acquired resistance and induced systemic resistance pathways in tomato leaves, accompanied by a reduction in the diameter of leaf rot spots caused by <i>S. rolfsii</i>. The presence of SF25 in <i>S. rolfsii-</i>infected soil enriched potentially beneficial microbes and triggered three genera (<i>Schizothecium</i>, <i>Lysobacter</i>, and <i>Chrysosporium</i>) that were negatively correlated with <i>Sclerotium</i> in the co-occurrence network of rhizosphere microbial community.</p> Conclusions <p>Our results enhance the understanding of SF25's biocontrol capabilities against <i>S. rolfsii</i> and shed light on the plant-pathogen-rhizosphere microbial interactions involved in the biocontrol of <i>S. rolfsii</i>.</p>

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Streptomyces flavotricini B25 confers tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) resistance to southern blight by inhibiting sclerotia formation of Agroathelia rolfsii and modulating the rhizosphere microbiome

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月1日

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  • Bixin Bai,
  • Zirong Kong,
  • Quanhong Xue,
  • Hangxian Lai,
  • Yulong Li

摘要

Background and aims

Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc. (teleomorph: Agroathelia rolfsii (Sacc.) Redhead & Mullineux) causes southern blight in tomato, with persistent sclerotia serving as major infection sources. We previously found that Streptomyces flavotricini B25 (SF25) inhibits S. rolfsii sclerotia formation and mycelial growth in vitro. This study evaluates the biocontrol efficacy and underlying mechanisms of SF25 in tomato.

Methods

We investigated the control efficacy of SF25 against S. rolfsii through pot experiments and examined its mechanisms by comparing the S. rolfsii transcriptome, tomato resistance gene expression, and rhizosphere microbiome between treatments.

Results

Soil and seedling substrates amended with SF25 spore powder reduced southern blight severity by 31.1–75.0% and inhibited soil sclerotia formation by 35.4%. Transcriptomics revealed that SF25 metabolites downregulated genes related to integral and intrinsic membrane components, membrane, transporter activity, and transmembrane transporter activity, while upregulating genes associated with oxidoreductase activity of S. rolfsii. Application of SF25 to the soil upregulated the expression of PR2, CHI3, and SlPI-II genes associated with systemic acquired resistance and induced systemic resistance pathways in tomato leaves, accompanied by a reduction in the diameter of leaf rot spots caused by S. rolfsii. The presence of SF25 in S. rolfsii-infected soil enriched potentially beneficial microbes and triggered three genera (Schizothecium, Lysobacter, and Chrysosporium) that were negatively correlated with Sclerotium in the co-occurrence network of rhizosphere microbial community.

Conclusions

Our results enhance the understanding of SF25's biocontrol capabilities against S. rolfsii and shed light on the plant-pathogen-rhizosphere microbial interactions involved in the biocontrol of S. rolfsii.