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Background and aims <p>Beneficial fungi and bacteria are closely related, while the synergy of their cross-kingdom synthetic communities (C-SynCom) remains poorly documented in sustainable agriculture. We investigated the influences of <i>Trichoderma</i>-bacterial C-SynCom on <i>Medicago sativa</i> productivity and soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration in saline-alkaline soil.</p> Methods <p>Here we employed pot experiments to examine the effects of different inoculation, including 4 individual bacteria (<i>Pseudomonas oryzihabitans</i>, <i>Enterobacter ludwigii</i>, <i>Brucella intermedia</i>, <i>Bacillus LJIY_s</i>), <i>Trichoderma simile</i> DT36, B-SynCom (4 bacteria) and C-SynCom (B-SynCom and DT36) on <i>M. sativa</i> growth and SOC. The underlying soil microbial mechanisms were explored by metagenomic sequencing, and the main driving factors were calculated using structural equation modeling (SEM).</p> Results <p>C-SynCom significantly (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05) improved <i>M. sativa</i> dry weight by 107.38% and SOC by 106.39% relative to the control. The inoculation richness was significantly correlated with <i>M. sativa</i> biomass (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.001) and SOC sequestration (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05). Furthermore, <i>T. simile</i> DT36 presence exerted significant (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.001) effects on SOC accumulation. C-SynCom significantly (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.05) enriched microorganisms harboring genes associated with plant growth-promotion and SOC sequestration. According to SEM, inoculation richness and Shannon index exerted significant effects on <i>M. sativa</i> productivity. Carbon-related functional genes affected SOC via direct pathways and indirectly through microbial biomass carbon (MBC).</p> Conclusions <p>We developed a synergistic C-SynCom that enhanced both <i>M. sativa</i> productivity and SOC sequestration. Our findings highlight the potential of cross-kingdom SynComs to optimize carbon management and agricultural productivity in saline-alkaline soil.</p>

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Dual-beneficial synergistic Trichoderma-bacterial cross-kingdom SynCom facilitates Medicago sativa productivity and soil organic carbon sequestration in saline-alkaline soil

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月13日

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  • Weijie Liu,
  • Rongrong Liu,
  • Zhe Tang,
  • Yu Zhang,
  • Xinwei Deng,
  • Keming Yang,
  • Fengge Zhang

摘要

Background and aims

Beneficial fungi and bacteria are closely related, while the synergy of their cross-kingdom synthetic communities (C-SynCom) remains poorly documented in sustainable agriculture. We investigated the influences of Trichoderma-bacterial C-SynCom on Medicago sativa productivity and soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration in saline-alkaline soil.

Methods

Here we employed pot experiments to examine the effects of different inoculation, including 4 individual bacteria (Pseudomonas oryzihabitans, Enterobacter ludwigii, Brucella intermedia, Bacillus LJIY_s), Trichoderma simile DT36, B-SynCom (4 bacteria) and C-SynCom (B-SynCom and DT36) on M. sativa growth and SOC. The underlying soil microbial mechanisms were explored by metagenomic sequencing, and the main driving factors were calculated using structural equation modeling (SEM).

Results

C-SynCom significantly (P < 0.05) improved M. sativa dry weight by 107.38% and SOC by 106.39% relative to the control. The inoculation richness was significantly correlated with M. sativa biomass (P < 0.001) and SOC sequestration (P < 0.05). Furthermore, T. simile DT36 presence exerted significant (P < 0.001) effects on SOC accumulation. C-SynCom significantly (P < 0.05) enriched microorganisms harboring genes associated with plant growth-promotion and SOC sequestration. According to SEM, inoculation richness and Shannon index exerted significant effects on M. sativa productivity. Carbon-related functional genes affected SOC via direct pathways and indirectly through microbial biomass carbon (MBC).

Conclusions

We developed a synergistic C-SynCom that enhanced both M. sativa productivity and SOC sequestration. Our findings highlight the potential of cross-kingdom SynComs to optimize carbon management and agricultural productivity in saline-alkaline soil.