Scholarlink

Background and aims <p>Biochar modulates soil phosphorus dynamics by altering biochemical properties and microbial communities, yet the long-term mechanisms driving phosphorus mobilization and microbe–biochar interactions remain underexplored. This study evaluates the combined effects of biochar and chemical fertilizers on soil phosphorus availability and microbial phosphorus cycling.</p> Methods <p>Conducted at Shenyang Agricultural University’s long-term experimental site (established 2013), the study applied four treatments: (i) nitrogen–phosphorus–potassium fertilizer (NPK); (ii) NPK + 1.5 t ha⁻<sup>1</sup> biochar (C1NPK); (iii) NPK + 3 t ha⁻<sup>1</sup> biochar (C2NPK); (iv) NPK + 6 t ha⁻<sup>1</sup> biochar (C3NPK). We measured soil physicochemical properties, phosphorus fractions and microbial community DNA sequences.</p> Results <p>Compared to NPK alone, biochar-amended treatments (C1NPK, C2NPK, C3NPK) increased soil pH by 3.87%, 5.61%, and 1.00%, respectively. Biochar significantly enhanced labile phosphorus fractions, with H₂O-Pi, NaHCO₃-Pi, and NaHCO₃-Po contents increasing by 46.24–52.06%, 1.45–13.44%, and 6.65–27.80%, respectively. In contrast, C.HCl-Pi and D.HCl-Pi decreased by 14.03–24.99% and 26.16–34.72%, respectively, relative to NPK. Notably, the C3NPK treatment significantly increased soluble inorganic phosphorus fractions (e.g., H₂O-Pi and NaHCO₃-Pi), while reducing the proportion of less bioavailable HCl-P. High-throughput sequencing further revealed that biochar addition promoted the relative abundance of key microbial phyla involved in phosphorus transformation. Specifically, C1NPK significantly enriched <i>Acidobacteria</i> and <i>Glomeromycota</i>, C2NPK communities were dominated by <i>Proteobacteria</i> and <i>Firmicutes</i>, whereas C3NPK markedly increased <i>Actinobacteria</i> and <i>Ascomycota</i>.</p> Conclusion <p>Integrating high biochar rates with chemical fertilizers enhances soil phosphorus availability and optimizes microbial communities involved in phosphorus cycling, informing sustainable soil management strategies.</p>

错误：搜索内容不能为空，请输入英文关键词
错误：关键词超出字数限制，请精简
高级检索

Biochar dose-dependent modulation of soil phosphorus availability and microbial community assembly: decoding synergistic mechanisms of biochar-npk interactions in a decade-long fertilization regime

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月7日

查看全文
  • Tong Zhang,
  • Chunsheng Ni,
  • Yu Bai,
  • Jinfeng Yang,
  • Xiaori Han,
  • Na Li

摘要

Background and aims

Biochar modulates soil phosphorus dynamics by altering biochemical properties and microbial communities, yet the long-term mechanisms driving phosphorus mobilization and microbe–biochar interactions remain underexplored. This study evaluates the combined effects of biochar and chemical fertilizers on soil phosphorus availability and microbial phosphorus cycling.

Methods

Conducted at Shenyang Agricultural University’s long-term experimental site (established 2013), the study applied four treatments: (i) nitrogen–phosphorus–potassium fertilizer (NPK); (ii) NPK + 1.5 t ha⁻1 biochar (C1NPK); (iii) NPK + 3 t ha⁻1 biochar (C2NPK); (iv) NPK + 6 t ha⁻1 biochar (C3NPK). We measured soil physicochemical properties, phosphorus fractions and microbial community DNA sequences.

Results

Compared to NPK alone, biochar-amended treatments (C1NPK, C2NPK, C3NPK) increased soil pH by 3.87%, 5.61%, and 1.00%, respectively. Biochar significantly enhanced labile phosphorus fractions, with H₂O-Pi, NaHCO₃-Pi, and NaHCO₃-Po contents increasing by 46.24–52.06%, 1.45–13.44%, and 6.65–27.80%, respectively. In contrast, C.HCl-Pi and D.HCl-Pi decreased by 14.03–24.99% and 26.16–34.72%, respectively, relative to NPK. Notably, the C3NPK treatment significantly increased soluble inorganic phosphorus fractions (e.g., H₂O-Pi and NaHCO₃-Pi), while reducing the proportion of less bioavailable HCl-P. High-throughput sequencing further revealed that biochar addition promoted the relative abundance of key microbial phyla involved in phosphorus transformation. Specifically, C1NPK significantly enriched Acidobacteria and Glomeromycota, C2NPK communities were dominated by Proteobacteria and Firmicutes, whereas C3NPK markedly increased Actinobacteria and Ascomycota.

Conclusion

Integrating high biochar rates with chemical fertilizers enhances soil phosphorus availability and optimizes microbial communities involved in phosphorus cycling, informing sustainable soil management strategies.