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Background and Aims <p><i>Fusarium oxysporum,</i> a soil-borne pathogen, accumulates in the rhizosphere and contributes to root rot disease. Our previous studies suggested ginsenosides, the primary bioactive compounds secreted by <i>P. notoginseng</i> roots, critically modulate the interaction between <i>P. notoginseng</i> and <i>F. oxysporum.</i> However, the mechanisms underlying <i>F. oxysporum</i> proliferation in the rhizosphere remain unclear.</p> Methods <p>This study investigated the role of ginsenosides in modulating the growth and pathogenicity of <i>F. oxysporum</i> (pathogenic strain FO_Z5 and non-pathogenic strain FO_J2) isolated from <i>P. notoginseng</i> rhizosphere soil. The mechanism was deciphered by transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses of <i>F. oxysporum</i> exposed to ginsenosides, along with impacts of key induced genes on fungal growth and pathogenicity.</p> Results <p>Ginsenosides significantly enhanced the growth and pathogenicity of FO_Z5 but had no significant effect on FO_J2. Further studies demonstrated that ginsenosides improved the antioxidant capacity of FO_Z5 through upregulating oxidoreductase activity and lipid metabolism. Overexpression of the lipid-related gene <i>Mug190</i> (meiotically up-regulated gene 190) in FO_Z5 significantly promoted its growth, antioxidant capacity and utilization of high concentrations of ginsenosides<i>,</i> thereby enhancing its ability to infect <i>P. notoginseng</i> roots<i>.</i> Interestingly, overexpression of <i>Mug190</i> in FO_J2 also enhanced its growth and antioxidant capacity, rendering it virulent.</p> Conclusion <p><i>F. oxysporum</i> utilizes root-secreted ginsenosides for growth and detoxifies high ginsenoside levels within plants through antioxidant mechanisms. This adaptation enables the pathogen to circumvent chemical defense barrier and infect <i>P. notoginseng.</i> These findings clarify how root exudates facilitate the re-colonization and infection of root rot pathogens, leading to persistent replant failure.</p>

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Ginsenosides secreted by Panax notoginseng promotes the growth and pathogenicity of Fusarium oxysporum through enhancing antioxidant capacity

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月12日

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  • Lifen Luo,
  • Rong Lu,
  • Rong Yin,
  • Guangxiang Tian,
  • Yiwen Li,
  • Guixiang Li,
  • Hongwei Zhu,
  • Jianqiang Miao,
  • Jianjun Hao,
  • Xili Liu,
  • Shusheng Zhu,
  • Min Yang

摘要

Background and Aims

Fusarium oxysporum, a soil-borne pathogen, accumulates in the rhizosphere and contributes to root rot disease. Our previous studies suggested ginsenosides, the primary bioactive compounds secreted by P. notoginseng roots, critically modulate the interaction between P. notoginseng and F. oxysporum. However, the mechanisms underlying F. oxysporum proliferation in the rhizosphere remain unclear.

Methods

This study investigated the role of ginsenosides in modulating the growth and pathogenicity of F. oxysporum (pathogenic strain FO_Z5 and non-pathogenic strain FO_J2) isolated from P. notoginseng rhizosphere soil. The mechanism was deciphered by transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses of F. oxysporum exposed to ginsenosides, along with impacts of key induced genes on fungal growth and pathogenicity.

Results

Ginsenosides significantly enhanced the growth and pathogenicity of FO_Z5 but had no significant effect on FO_J2. Further studies demonstrated that ginsenosides improved the antioxidant capacity of FO_Z5 through upregulating oxidoreductase activity and lipid metabolism. Overexpression of the lipid-related gene Mug190 (meiotically up-regulated gene 190) in FO_Z5 significantly promoted its growth, antioxidant capacity and utilization of high concentrations of ginsenosides, thereby enhancing its ability to infect P. notoginseng roots. Interestingly, overexpression of Mug190 in FO_J2 also enhanced its growth and antioxidant capacity, rendering it virulent.

Conclusion

F. oxysporum utilizes root-secreted ginsenosides for growth and detoxifies high ginsenoside levels within plants through antioxidant mechanisms. This adaptation enables the pathogen to circumvent chemical defense barrier and infect P. notoginseng. These findings clarify how root exudates facilitate the re-colonization and infection of root rot pathogens, leading to persistent replant failure.