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Background and aims <p>The interaction between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and rice roots is essential for regulating nitrogen (N) uptake through roots and AM fungal hyphae. However, the effects of microbial community traits and activities in the rhizosphere and hyphosphere on plant N uptake under varying phosphorus (P) fertilization levels remain insufficiently understood.</p> Methods <p>This study used <sup>15</sup>N-urea to assess N fertilizer uptake and retention, and measured soil chemical properties, soil enzyme activities, and the diversity, composition, and network complexity of bacterial and fungal communities within the root compartment (RC) and hyphae-only compartment (HC) for rice with and without AMF inoculation across high- and low-P fertilization levels.</p> Results <p>AMF inoculation significantly enhanced urea-N accumulation in plants by 15.4–16.0% across both P levels, likely due to increased root biomass and AMF abundance. In RC soil, AMF inoculation elevated protease and cellulase activities, possibility by increasing the abundance of specific genera (e.g., <i>Clostridium sp.</i> and <i>Cystobasidiales</i>) and enhancing fungal community complexity, which could boost root biomass and <sup>15</sup>N uptake. Conversely, in HC soil, AMF inoculation elevated protease, β-glucosidase, and phosphatase activities, possibility by augmenting the abundance of specific genera (e.g., <i>Bacillus</i> and <i>GS16</i>), which could boost AMF abundance and <sup>15</sup>N uptake through AM fungal hyphae. In low-P input soil, AMF inoculation significantly increased the complexity of microbial communities and enhanced phosphatase and urease activities in HC soil, resulting increased AMF abundance and greater <sup>15</sup>N uptake through AM fungal hyphae. In contrast, in high-P input soil, root N uptake might be predominant due to increased root biomass facilitated by AMF inoculation.</p> Conclusion <p>Our findings underscore the importance of rhizosphere and hyphosphere microbial communities and soil enzyme activities in optimizing N uptake via roots and AM fungal hyphae.</p>

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Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation enhances 15N uptake by rice via modifying rhizosphere and hyphosphere soil bacterial and fungal community and soil enzyme activity

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月14日

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  • Pei Chen,
  • Yu Cheng,
  • Rui Chen,
  • Ning Wang,
  • Jianguang Yu,
  • Lihong Xue,
  • Linzhang Yang

摘要

Background and aims

The interaction between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and rice roots is essential for regulating nitrogen (N) uptake through roots and AM fungal hyphae. However, the effects of microbial community traits and activities in the rhizosphere and hyphosphere on plant N uptake under varying phosphorus (P) fertilization levels remain insufficiently understood.

Methods

This study used 15N-urea to assess N fertilizer uptake and retention, and measured soil chemical properties, soil enzyme activities, and the diversity, composition, and network complexity of bacterial and fungal communities within the root compartment (RC) and hyphae-only compartment (HC) for rice with and without AMF inoculation across high- and low-P fertilization levels.

Results

AMF inoculation significantly enhanced urea-N accumulation in plants by 15.4–16.0% across both P levels, likely due to increased root biomass and AMF abundance. In RC soil, AMF inoculation elevated protease and cellulase activities, possibility by increasing the abundance of specific genera (e.g., Clostridium sp. and Cystobasidiales) and enhancing fungal community complexity, which could boost root biomass and 15N uptake. Conversely, in HC soil, AMF inoculation elevated protease, β-glucosidase, and phosphatase activities, possibility by augmenting the abundance of specific genera (e.g., Bacillus and GS16), which could boost AMF abundance and 15N uptake through AM fungal hyphae. In low-P input soil, AMF inoculation significantly increased the complexity of microbial communities and enhanced phosphatase and urease activities in HC soil, resulting increased AMF abundance and greater 15N uptake through AM fungal hyphae. In contrast, in high-P input soil, root N uptake might be predominant due to increased root biomass facilitated by AMF inoculation.

Conclusion

Our findings underscore the importance of rhizosphere and hyphosphere microbial communities and soil enzyme activities in optimizing N uptake via roots and AM fungal hyphae.