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Aims <p>Belowground fungal communities mediate plant–soil feedbacks, yet their spatial distribution and assembly in monoculture afforestation remain unclear. This study explores how host selection and environmental filtering shape fungal community dynamics across introduction sites and niches.</p> Methods <p>This study investigated Mongolian pine plantations across an aridity gradient, from the Mu Us to the Hulunbuir and the Horqin Desert, to examine the assembly patterns, stability, and community composition of root-associated (RAF), rhizosphere soil (RSF), and bulk soil fungi (BSF).</p> Results <p>Community assembly was shaped by stronger homogeneous selection in RAF (18.07%) than in RSF and BSF, whereas dispersal limitation dominated in RSF (62.86%). RAF was dominated by symbiotrophs (e.g., <i>Acephala</i> and <i>Geopora</i>). RSF harbored abundant ectomycorrhizal fungi (e.g., <i>Inocybe</i> and <i>Laccaria</i>) and saprotrophs, while BSF contained more saprotrophs strongly correlated with soil nutrients. RSF and BSF showed higher diversity and network complexity than RAF. Community stability varied across introduction sites. In the least arid and nutrient-rich Horqin Desert, increased competition in RAF enhanced stability, whereas fungal networks in the Hulunbuir Desert remained relatively stable. In the most arid and nutrient-poor Mu Us Desert, low clustering and strong positive associations in RAF and BSF further reduced stability.</p> Conclusions <p>Niche differentiation critically shapes fungal structure, diversity, and function, while habitat conditions further modulate fungal stability and taxonomic composition. The growth and health of plantations linked to the balance of fungal functional groups and the stability of belowground fungal communities.</p>

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Unravelling belowground fungal community assembly: Niche drives diversity and function, geography shapes stability and composition

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月13日

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  • Peishan Zhao,
  • Guodong Ding,
  • Qiyan Li,
  • Yilin Liu,
  • Yue Ren,
  • Ying Zhang,
  • Guanglei Gao

摘要

Aims

Belowground fungal communities mediate plant–soil feedbacks, yet their spatial distribution and assembly in monoculture afforestation remain unclear. This study explores how host selection and environmental filtering shape fungal community dynamics across introduction sites and niches.

Methods

This study investigated Mongolian pine plantations across an aridity gradient, from the Mu Us to the Hulunbuir and the Horqin Desert, to examine the assembly patterns, stability, and community composition of root-associated (RAF), rhizosphere soil (RSF), and bulk soil fungi (BSF).

Results

Community assembly was shaped by stronger homogeneous selection in RAF (18.07%) than in RSF and BSF, whereas dispersal limitation dominated in RSF (62.86%). RAF was dominated by symbiotrophs (e.g., Acephala and Geopora). RSF harbored abundant ectomycorrhizal fungi (e.g., Inocybe and Laccaria) and saprotrophs, while BSF contained more saprotrophs strongly correlated with soil nutrients. RSF and BSF showed higher diversity and network complexity than RAF. Community stability varied across introduction sites. In the least arid and nutrient-rich Horqin Desert, increased competition in RAF enhanced stability, whereas fungal networks in the Hulunbuir Desert remained relatively stable. In the most arid and nutrient-poor Mu Us Desert, low clustering and strong positive associations in RAF and BSF further reduced stability.

Conclusions

Niche differentiation critically shapes fungal structure, diversity, and function, while habitat conditions further modulate fungal stability and taxonomic composition. The growth and health of plantations linked to the balance of fungal functional groups and the stability of belowground fungal communities.