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Background and aims <p>Ammonium polyphosphate (APP) delivers an efficient phosphorus (P) supply, reduces fixation, enhances nutrient utilization, and boosts effectiveness across diverse soils and crops. However, APP is a novel fertilizer with limited research on its impact on P cycling, soil microbial composition, and ecosystem functions in drylands like the Loess Plateau of China.</p> Methods <p>We investigated the effects of three fertilization treatments, including broadcasted fertilization of superphosphate (BSSP), banded fertilization of superphosphate (SSSP), and banded fertilization of APP (SAPP), on maize yield, phosphorus uptake, soil phosphorus fraction, soil bacterial diversity, co-occurrence network stability, as well as the activities of soil extracellular enzymes at three growth stages of spring maize (V3 (three-leaf stage), V10 (ten-leaf stage), and R1 (silking stage)).</p> Results <p>The SAPP treatment enhanced P bioavailability and optimized nutrient cycling by regulating phosphatase, β-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminidase, and nitrogen (N) availability, which improved P uptake and crop productivity. At the R1 stage, the SAPP treatment significantly increased bacterial diversity and reshaped microbial community structure by influencing key environmental factors (e.g., β-1,4-xylosidase, β-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminidase). Although the SSSP treatment had the highest number of nodes (678), edges (770), and betweenness centrality, the SAPP treatment significantly enhanced network module centrality and robustness, leading to a more balanced network structure and greater stability.</p> Conclusion <p>Our findings suggest that the SAPP treatment has the potential to improve soil fertility and maize growth, offering valuable insight into sustainable agriculture in dryland cropping systems.</p>

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Banded application of ammonium polyphosphate enhances maize growth by promoting soil available P and bacterial diversity and stability

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月6日

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  • Yu Yang,
  • Xiaoyu Liu,
  • Lei Liu,
  • Zhiyuan Gao,
  • Shang Ye,
  • Yuanyuan An,
  • Jinshan Liu

摘要

Background and aims

Ammonium polyphosphate (APP) delivers an efficient phosphorus (P) supply, reduces fixation, enhances nutrient utilization, and boosts effectiveness across diverse soils and crops. However, APP is a novel fertilizer with limited research on its impact on P cycling, soil microbial composition, and ecosystem functions in drylands like the Loess Plateau of China.

Methods

We investigated the effects of three fertilization treatments, including broadcasted fertilization of superphosphate (BSSP), banded fertilization of superphosphate (SSSP), and banded fertilization of APP (SAPP), on maize yield, phosphorus uptake, soil phosphorus fraction, soil bacterial diversity, co-occurrence network stability, as well as the activities of soil extracellular enzymes at three growth stages of spring maize (V3 (three-leaf stage), V10 (ten-leaf stage), and R1 (silking stage)).

Results

The SAPP treatment enhanced P bioavailability and optimized nutrient cycling by regulating phosphatase, β-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminidase, and nitrogen (N) availability, which improved P uptake and crop productivity. At the R1 stage, the SAPP treatment significantly increased bacterial diversity and reshaped microbial community structure by influencing key environmental factors (e.g., β-1,4-xylosidase, β-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminidase). Although the SSSP treatment had the highest number of nodes (678), edges (770), and betweenness centrality, the SAPP treatment significantly enhanced network module centrality and robustness, leading to a more balanced network structure and greater stability.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that the SAPP treatment has the potential to improve soil fertility and maize growth, offering valuable insight into sustainable agriculture in dryland cropping systems.