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Aims <p>Urban green spaces are essential components of urban ecosystems, but they face increasingly threatened by potentially toxic elements (PTEs) such as lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), and chromium (Cr), primarily introduced through road traffic. This study examines the bioavailability and enrichment characteristics of these PTEs in six common urban greening plants (<i>Viburnum odoratissimum</i><i>, </i><i>Jasminum nudiflorum, Pittosporum tobira, Aucuba japonica var. variegata</i><i>, </i><i>Photinia</i> × <i>fraseri</i>, and&#xa0;<i>Euonymus japonicus 'Aurea-marginatus'</i>) and their rhizosphere soils to understand soil–plant interactions under traffic pollution stress.</p> Methods <p>Pollution risk was assessed using the Risk Assessment Code (RAC), while bioavailability was evaluated via Bioconcentration Factor (BCF). The&#xa0;identical-discrepant-contrary (IDC) gray relational analysis explored relationships between root PTEs and soil diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA)-extractable PTEs, with quadratic regression modeling soil–plant dynamics.</p> Results <p>The RAC results indicated that Pb posed a higher pollution risk than Cr and Zn. BCF analysis revealed both Pb and Zn exhibited high bioavailability in the rhizosphere soils of the studied plants. The IDC gray analysis demonstrated no significant correlation between total PTE concentrations in plant roots and DTPA-extractable PTEs in the corresponding soils, except for <i>Pittosporum tobira</i>. Regression analysis identified quadratic models as the best fit for describing the relationships between soil and plant PTE concentrations.</p> Conclusions <p>Pb exhibited the highest bioavailability and pollution risk among the three PTEs studied. Cr predominantly accumulated in roots, while Pb and Zn showed species-specific accumulation in roots or leaves. Quadratic models best described the soil–root PTE relationships. These results highlight the role of species-specific accumulation and soil–plant interactions in assessing the potential of roadside plants to cope with traffic-related PTE contamination.</p>

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Bioavailability-driven enrichment and transport of potentially toxic elements in urban roadside soil–plant systems

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月23日

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  • Qiyue Yang,
  • Ying Huang,
  • Sijie Wen,
  • Zhijian Ren,
  • Manisha Parajuli,
  • Aihua Yu

摘要

Aims

Urban green spaces are essential components of urban ecosystems, but they face increasingly threatened by potentially toxic elements (PTEs) such as lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), and chromium (Cr), primarily introduced through road traffic. This study examines the bioavailability and enrichment characteristics of these PTEs in six common urban greening plants (Viburnum odoratissimum, Jasminum nudiflorum, Pittosporum tobira, Aucuba japonica var. variegata, Photinia × fraseri, and Euonymus japonicus 'Aurea-marginatus') and their rhizosphere soils to understand soil–plant interactions under traffic pollution stress.

Methods

Pollution risk was assessed using the Risk Assessment Code (RAC), while bioavailability was evaluated via Bioconcentration Factor (BCF). The identical-discrepant-contrary (IDC) gray relational analysis explored relationships between root PTEs and soil diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA)-extractable PTEs, with quadratic regression modeling soil–plant dynamics.

Results

The RAC results indicated that Pb posed a higher pollution risk than Cr and Zn. BCF analysis revealed both Pb and Zn exhibited high bioavailability in the rhizosphere soils of the studied plants. The IDC gray analysis demonstrated no significant correlation between total PTE concentrations in plant roots and DTPA-extractable PTEs in the corresponding soils, except for Pittosporum tobira. Regression analysis identified quadratic models as the best fit for describing the relationships between soil and plant PTE concentrations.

Conclusions

Pb exhibited the highest bioavailability and pollution risk among the three PTEs studied. Cr predominantly accumulated in roots, while Pb and Zn showed species-specific accumulation in roots or leaves. Quadratic models best described the soil–root PTE relationships. These results highlight the role of species-specific accumulation and soil–plant interactions in assessing the potential of roadside plants to cope with traffic-related PTE contamination.