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Aims <p>Melon Fusarium wilt (MFW), caused by <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> f. sp. <i>melonis</i>, is a severe soil-borne disease that limits melon yield. <i>Bacillus megaterium</i> (BM) is a biocontrol strain that to promotes plant growth and suppresses disease. Keystone taxa are crucial for enhancing pathogen resistance. However, the effects of BM on keystone taxa and their role in regulating MFW remain unclear.</p> Methods <p>In this study, we investigated the effect of BM on melon plants growth and Fusarium wilt disease, soil microbial communities and keystone soil taxa.</p> Results <p>The incidence of MFW decreased from 68.33% (CK, inoculated with sterile water) to 26.67% (inoculated with BM) in the pot experiment, and decreased from 5.56% (naturally occurring) to 1.67% after the BM treatment in the field experiment; control efficiency was more than 60.00%. The BM treatment also promoted melon growth and increased yield by 20.35%. The BM treatment reduced the abundance of <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i>, promoted potentially beneficial microbes (e.g., <i>Flavobacterium</i>, <i>Nocardioides</i>, <i>Streptomyces</i>, and <i>Chaetomium</i>), and changed the keystone taxa in the BM network. The keystone taxon OTU2869 (<i>Pseudomonas</i>) was negatively correlated with <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i>, which was positively associated with the incidence of MFW.</p> Conclusions <p>Applying BM suppressed MFW by changing the keystone taxon and increasing the number of beneficial groups, thereby promoting plant growth and yield.</p>

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Bacillus megaterium controls melon Fusarium wilt disease through its effects on keystone soil taxa

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月1日

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  • Xiujun Lu,
  • Qingmei Li,
  • Bowen Li,
  • Fang Liu,
  • Yeqing Wang,
  • Wenshuo Ning,
  • Yanan Liu,
  • Hongbo Zhao

摘要

Aims

Melon Fusarium wilt (MFW), caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis, is a severe soil-borne disease that limits melon yield. Bacillus megaterium (BM) is a biocontrol strain that to promotes plant growth and suppresses disease. Keystone taxa are crucial for enhancing pathogen resistance. However, the effects of BM on keystone taxa and their role in regulating MFW remain unclear.

Methods

In this study, we investigated the effect of BM on melon plants growth and Fusarium wilt disease, soil microbial communities and keystone soil taxa.

Results

The incidence of MFW decreased from 68.33% (CK, inoculated with sterile water) to 26.67% (inoculated with BM) in the pot experiment, and decreased from 5.56% (naturally occurring) to 1.67% after the BM treatment in the field experiment; control efficiency was more than 60.00%. The BM treatment also promoted melon growth and increased yield by 20.35%. The BM treatment reduced the abundance of Fusarium oxysporum, promoted potentially beneficial microbes (e.g., Flavobacterium, Nocardioides, Streptomyces, and Chaetomium), and changed the keystone taxa in the BM network. The keystone taxon OTU2869 (Pseudomonas) was negatively correlated with Fusarium oxysporum, which was positively associated with the incidence of MFW.

Conclusions

Applying BM suppressed MFW by changing the keystone taxon and increasing the number of beneficial groups, thereby promoting plant growth and yield.