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Aims <p>Pioneer plants demonstrated potential in remediating heavy metal contaminated soils, yet their rhizosphere interaction and synergistic effects remain unclear. To elucidate the response mechanisms of pioneer plants to heavy metal pollution, this study investigated the interactions between three pioneer plants (<i>Miscanthus floridulus</i>, <i>Solanum nigrum L.</i> and <i>Bidens pilosa L.</i>) and the rhizosphere microenvironment in mine.</p> Methods <p>Three species with similar growth and their rhizosphere soil were randomly collected. The soil was sieved into three particle size fractions: macro-aggregates (MA), micro-aggregates (MI) and silt + clay (SC), and analyzed for the physicochemical properties and microbial diversity.</p> Results <p>Pioneer plants increased soil organic matter (SOM) and total nitrogen (TN). Root activity and rhizosphere microorganisms increased the proportion of MA by 12.3–24.3%, and the heavy metal loading in MA increased by 5.6%-21.4% compared with non-rhizosphere soil. Fungi played a positive role in loading heavy metal into MA and SC, while bacteria facilitated accumulation in MI. Pioneer plants also exhibited different heavy metal uptake and translocation strategies. <i>B. pilosa</i> exhibited the highest Cd translocation efficiency (TF = 0.86), while <i>S. nigrum</i> demonstrated the greatest Cd accumulation capacity (BCF = 13.0). Pioneer plants also recruited microorganism with high heavy metal tolerance, including <i>Proteobacteria</i>, <i>Actinobacteriota</i>, and <i>Chloroflexi</i>.</p> Conclusions <p>Pioneer plants alleviated heavy metal stress of As, Cd, Pb and Cr in mine through a multi-faceted approach. They enhanced soil structure by promoting aggregate formation. Furthermore, they recruited specific microbial communities, including heavy metal-tolerant bacteria and fungi with distinct roles in heavy metal sequestration within soil aggregates.</p>

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Pioneer plants enhance heavy metal immobilization in mining soils: Decoding rhizosphere-driven mechanisms

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月11日

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  • Shukun Lin,
  • Bohan Wu,
  • Xiao Li,
  • Xu Yang,
  • Qingqi Lin,
  • Rongliang Qiu

摘要

Aims

Pioneer plants demonstrated potential in remediating heavy metal contaminated soils, yet their rhizosphere interaction and synergistic effects remain unclear. To elucidate the response mechanisms of pioneer plants to heavy metal pollution, this study investigated the interactions between three pioneer plants (Miscanthus floridulus, Solanum nigrum L. and Bidens pilosa L.) and the rhizosphere microenvironment in mine.

Methods

Three species with similar growth and their rhizosphere soil were randomly collected. The soil was sieved into three particle size fractions: macro-aggregates (MA), micro-aggregates (MI) and silt + clay (SC), and analyzed for the physicochemical properties and microbial diversity.

Results

Pioneer plants increased soil organic matter (SOM) and total nitrogen (TN). Root activity and rhizosphere microorganisms increased the proportion of MA by 12.3–24.3%, and the heavy metal loading in MA increased by 5.6%-21.4% compared with non-rhizosphere soil. Fungi played a positive role in loading heavy metal into MA and SC, while bacteria facilitated accumulation in MI. Pioneer plants also exhibited different heavy metal uptake and translocation strategies. B. pilosa exhibited the highest Cd translocation efficiency (TF = 0.86), while S. nigrum demonstrated the greatest Cd accumulation capacity (BCF = 13.0). Pioneer plants also recruited microorganism with high heavy metal tolerance, including Proteobacteria, Actinobacteriota, and Chloroflexi.

Conclusions

Pioneer plants alleviated heavy metal stress of As, Cd, Pb and Cr in mine through a multi-faceted approach. They enhanced soil structure by promoting aggregate formation. Furthermore, they recruited specific microbial communities, including heavy metal-tolerant bacteria and fungi with distinct roles in heavy metal sequestration within soil aggregates.