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Background and aim <p>Ginseng growth primarily relies on nitrogen (N) as the essential nutrient, and optimizing N application is key to preserving soil microbial equilibrium. However, the responses of N-cycling microbial processes mediated by rhizosphere microorganisms to N supplementation remain poorly understood.</p> Methods <p>In this research, a two-year field trial (designated Y1 and Y2) employed high-throughput sequencing and UPLC-MS/MS analytical techniques to examine how varying N levels (N0: 0, N1: 20, N2: 40&#xa0;g/m<sup>2</sup>) influence microbial communities and metabolic pathways associated with N-cycling in ginseng rhizosphere soil.</p> Results <p>Findings revealed that moderate N application (Y1RSN1) significantly improved soil nutrient content and increased yield by 29.90% and 38.05% compared with N0 and N2 treatments, respectively. Conversely, prolonged N application over two consecutive years (Y2RSN1 and Y2RSN2) resulted in decreased levels of most soil nutrients, and continuous N addition over two years (N1 and N2) significantly reduced soil pH. Furthermore, N additions (N1 and N2) modified both the diversity and community structure of soil N-cycling microorganisms. Co-occurrence network analysis revealed that denitrifying bacteria exhibited the most complex interactions and dominated the habitat. The treatments Y2RSN1 and Y2RSN2 decreased the complexity of the denitrifying microbial network. pH, nitrate nitrogen (NO₃⁻-N), and available phosphorus (AP) emerged as significant factors influencing key microorganisms involved in N-cycling. Metabolomics analysis indicated that continuous N addition (N1 and N2) significantly increased the concentrations of certain amino acid compounds in the soil, which may enhance the role of microorganisms in N transformation.</p> Conclusion <p>The PLS-PM model demonstrated that N exerts a positive feedback effect on ginseng yield by modulating soil properties, functional microorganisms, and metabolites. This study provides a empirical foundation for regulating specific N-cycling microorganisms/genes to promote sustainable agricultural production.</p>

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Response mechanisms of nitrogen-cycling microbiota and metabolic functions to nitrogen input in the Panax ginseng rhizosphere

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月8日

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  • Kexin Li,
  • Mei Han,
  • Mingming Wan,
  • Limin Yang

摘要

Background and aim

Ginseng growth primarily relies on nitrogen (N) as the essential nutrient, and optimizing N application is key to preserving soil microbial equilibrium. However, the responses of N-cycling microbial processes mediated by rhizosphere microorganisms to N supplementation remain poorly understood.

Methods

In this research, a two-year field trial (designated Y1 and Y2) employed high-throughput sequencing and UPLC-MS/MS analytical techniques to examine how varying N levels (N0: 0, N1: 20, N2: 40 g/m2) influence microbial communities and metabolic pathways associated with N-cycling in ginseng rhizosphere soil.

Results

Findings revealed that moderate N application (Y1RSN1) significantly improved soil nutrient content and increased yield by 29.90% and 38.05% compared with N0 and N2 treatments, respectively. Conversely, prolonged N application over two consecutive years (Y2RSN1 and Y2RSN2) resulted in decreased levels of most soil nutrients, and continuous N addition over two years (N1 and N2) significantly reduced soil pH. Furthermore, N additions (N1 and N2) modified both the diversity and community structure of soil N-cycling microorganisms. Co-occurrence network analysis revealed that denitrifying bacteria exhibited the most complex interactions and dominated the habitat. The treatments Y2RSN1 and Y2RSN2 decreased the complexity of the denitrifying microbial network. pH, nitrate nitrogen (NO₃⁻-N), and available phosphorus (AP) emerged as significant factors influencing key microorganisms involved in N-cycling. Metabolomics analysis indicated that continuous N addition (N1 and N2) significantly increased the concentrations of certain amino acid compounds in the soil, which may enhance the role of microorganisms in N transformation.

Conclusion

The PLS-PM model demonstrated that N exerts a positive feedback effect on ginseng yield by modulating soil properties, functional microorganisms, and metabolites. This study provides a empirical foundation for regulating specific N-cycling microorganisms/genes to promote sustainable agricultural production.