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Background and aims <p>Monocropping obstacles, including adverse soil microbial composition and increased pathogen prevalence, are threatening global food security, particularly under climate change and population growth. However, developing effective management practices to mitigate monocropping obstacles is currently constrained, in part, by a limited understanding of how control measures impact soil properties, which determine plant productivity outcomes.</p> Methods <p>Four rhizosphere managements (i.e., conventional fertilization (CK, 600&#xa0;kg&#xa0;ha<sup>−1</sup> urea N fertilizer, organic fertilizer), optimized nitrogen fertilizer (S-I, 350&#xa0;kg&#xa0;ha<sup>−1</sup> urea N fertilizer, organic fertilizer), bio-organic fertilizer (S-II, 350&#xa0;kg&#xa0;ha<sup>−1</sup> urea N fertilizer, dazomet, and bio-organic fertilizer), and integrated rhizosphere management (S-III, 350&#xa0;kg&#xa0;ha<sup>−1</sup> nitrate N fertilizer, dazomet, and bio-organic fertilizer)) were applied in cucumber cultivation over six planting cycles. We examined their effects on soil chemical properties, enzyme activities, and the rhizosphere microbiome.</p> Results <p>S-III treatment significantly improved plant productivity and reduced rhizosphere <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> density compared to other treatments. Soil pH, NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>, and oxidase activity were significantly decreased under S-III treatment, while NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup> concentration increased. Although bacterial diversity remained unchanged, S-III increased <i>Sphingomonas</i> sp. abundance (particularly <i>ASV_50</i>), which correlated with increased yield and nitrogen accumulation, likely due to induced systemic resistance driving the observed disease suppression. Random Forest analysis identified several soil factors (e.g., pH, <i>Sphingomonas</i> sp., NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>) as predictors of yield (R<sup>2</sup> = 66.4%) and nitrogen accumulation (R<sup>2</sup> = 62.3%).</p> Conclusion <p>Our findings highlight the mechanisms of management-induced changes in soil properties for mitigating monocropping obstacles, offering insights for sustaining soil health and crop productivity.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Mitigating obstacles to monocropping using integrated rhizosphere management

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

    开放获取

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月31日

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  • Linxing Zhu,
  • Rongfeng Wang,
  • Jixing Zeng,
  • Mengting Huang,
  • Jia Li,
  • Min Wang,
  • Qirong Shen,
  • Shiwei Guo

摘要

Background and aims

Monocropping obstacles, including adverse soil microbial composition and increased pathogen prevalence, are threatening global food security, particularly under climate change and population growth. However, developing effective management practices to mitigate monocropping obstacles is currently constrained, in part, by a limited understanding of how control measures impact soil properties, which determine plant productivity outcomes.

Methods

Four rhizosphere managements (i.e., conventional fertilization (CK, 600 kg ha−1 urea N fertilizer, organic fertilizer), optimized nitrogen fertilizer (S-I, 350 kg ha−1 urea N fertilizer, organic fertilizer), bio-organic fertilizer (S-II, 350 kg ha−1 urea N fertilizer, dazomet, and bio-organic fertilizer), and integrated rhizosphere management (S-III, 350 kg ha−1 nitrate N fertilizer, dazomet, and bio-organic fertilizer)) were applied in cucumber cultivation over six planting cycles. We examined their effects on soil chemical properties, enzyme activities, and the rhizosphere microbiome.

Results

S-III treatment significantly improved plant productivity and reduced rhizosphere Fusarium oxysporum density compared to other treatments. Soil pH, NH4+, and oxidase activity were significantly decreased under S-III treatment, while NO3− concentration increased. Although bacterial diversity remained unchanged, S-III increased Sphingomonas sp. abundance (particularly ASV_50), which correlated with increased yield and nitrogen accumulation, likely due to induced systemic resistance driving the observed disease suppression. Random Forest analysis identified several soil factors (e.g., pH, Sphingomonas sp., NO3−) as predictors of yield (R2 = 66.4%) and nitrogen accumulation (R2 = 62.3%).

Conclusion

Our findings highlight the mechanisms of management-induced changes in soil properties for mitigating monocropping obstacles, offering insights for sustaining soil health and crop productivity.

Graphical Abstract