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Background and aims <p>Biochar is vital for carbon sequestration and emission mitigation, requiring optimization of pyrolysis temperature and addition rate while ensuring environmental sustainability.</p> Methods <p>Biochar produced at 300&#xa0;°C (W300) and 500&#xa0;°C (W500) was applied to soil at 1%, 2%, and 3% rates. Effects on soil properties, microbial carbon/nitrogen, enzyme activities, and bok choy growth were analyzed.</p> Results <p>Compared to the control without biochar amendment, biochar addition stimulated bok choy plant growth, increasing plant height by 7.3–11.1&#xa0;cm (W300) and 9.9–14.7&#xa0;cm (W500). Biochar addition increased soil organic carbon content by 27–79% (W300) and 55–103% (W500), while decreasing soil dissolved organic carbon content by 63–69% (W300) and 42–53% (W500). The W300 biochar addition decreased soil microbial carbon content by 16–49% but increased soil microbial nitrogen content by 3–7%. The W500 biochar addition decreased soil microbial carbon content by 11–36% while increasing soil microbial nitrogen content by 30–64%. However, biochar addition suppressed soil enzymatic activities associated with SOC mineralization compared to CK. The RFP and PLS-PM analyses revealed that the relative importance of soil indicators to SOC under W300 and W500 addition conditions and distinct interrelations among soil physicochemical properties. The life cycle assessment revealed that production of W300 and W500 emitted 4.25 and 8.22&#xa0;kg CO<sub>2</sub> eq.</p> Conclusion <p>Biochar improved soil health and plant growth, with higher pyrolysis temperatures (W500) yielding greater agricultural benefits but higher CO₂ emissions. This necessitates understanding both the temperature and addition rate during pyrolysis production, along with environmental sustainability considerations.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Effects of biochar pyrolysis temperature on soil carbon and nitrogen turnover and life cycle assessment

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月29日

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  • Ying Gao,
  • Haojie Cui,
  • Haixin Guo

摘要

Background and aims

Biochar is vital for carbon sequestration and emission mitigation, requiring optimization of pyrolysis temperature and addition rate while ensuring environmental sustainability.

Methods

Biochar produced at 300 °C (W300) and 500 °C (W500) was applied to soil at 1%, 2%, and 3% rates. Effects on soil properties, microbial carbon/nitrogen, enzyme activities, and bok choy growth were analyzed.

Results

Compared to the control without biochar amendment, biochar addition stimulated bok choy plant growth, increasing plant height by 7.3–11.1 cm (W300) and 9.9–14.7 cm (W500). Biochar addition increased soil organic carbon content by 27–79% (W300) and 55–103% (W500), while decreasing soil dissolved organic carbon content by 63–69% (W300) and 42–53% (W500). The W300 biochar addition decreased soil microbial carbon content by 16–49% but increased soil microbial nitrogen content by 3–7%. The W500 biochar addition decreased soil microbial carbon content by 11–36% while increasing soil microbial nitrogen content by 30–64%. However, biochar addition suppressed soil enzymatic activities associated with SOC mineralization compared to CK. The RFP and PLS-PM analyses revealed that the relative importance of soil indicators to SOC under W300 and W500 addition conditions and distinct interrelations among soil physicochemical properties. The life cycle assessment revealed that production of W300 and W500 emitted 4.25 and 8.22 kg CO2 eq.

Conclusion

Biochar improved soil health and plant growth, with higher pyrolysis temperatures (W500) yielding greater agricultural benefits but higher CO₂ emissions. This necessitates understanding both the temperature and addition rate during pyrolysis production, along with environmental sustainability considerations.

Graphical Abstract