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Aim <p>Drought and salinity are major abiotic stresses that significantly hinder crop productivity by limiting water availability and inducing ion toxicity. This study explores an innovative strategy to enhance the tolerance of <i>Cicer arietinum</i> L. under combined salt and drought stress through synergistic inoculation with diazotrophic plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). Multi-stress-tolerant PGPR strains, <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> PM36, <i>Bacillus cereus</i> PM38, and <i>Bacillus</i> sp. PM37, were selected for this study.</p> Methodology <p>The study evaluated the potential of the PGPR consortium under salt (300–900&#xa0;mM NaCl) and drought stress (10–30% PEG-6000). Biochemical plant growth-promoting (PGP) traits, growth indices, photosynthetic pigments, osmoprotectant accumulation, and oxidative stress markers were analyzed. Antioxidant enzyme and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-neutralizing gene expression were quantified through advanced molecular analysis.</p> Results <p>This innovative strategy substantially enhanced the activity of PGP and gene expression under salt-drought (900&#xa0;mM NaCl and 30% PEG-6000) stress. PGPR consortium also significantly enhanced tolerance in plants under salt-drought (300&#xa0;mM: 30% PEG-6000) stress. Antioxidant defensive mechanism and phytohormonal regulation were notably (<i>p</i> ≤ <i>0.05</i>) increased, developing tolerance in plants.</p> Conclusion <p>The study demonstrates the efficacy of the PGPR consortium in mitigating salt-drought stress and increasing the yield of sustainable crops. The findings imply the potential of the consortium for large-scale agronomic uses, while field trials will be required to ascertain its wide-scale applicability.</p>

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Synergistic inoculation of diazotrophic Pseudomonas and Bacillus spp. in mitigating salt-drought stress in Cicer Arietinum L. via phytohormonal modulation and antioxidant pathways

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月14日

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  • Najeeba Parre Pakar,
  • Muhammad Farooq Hussain Munis,
  • Hassan Javed Chaudhary

摘要

Aim

Drought and salinity are major abiotic stresses that significantly hinder crop productivity by limiting water availability and inducing ion toxicity. This study explores an innovative strategy to enhance the tolerance of Cicer arietinum L. under combined salt and drought stress through synergistic inoculation with diazotrophic plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR). Multi-stress-tolerant PGPR strains, Pseudomonas aeruginosa PM36, Bacillus cereus PM38, and Bacillus sp. PM37, were selected for this study.

Methodology

The study evaluated the potential of the PGPR consortium under salt (300–900 mM NaCl) and drought stress (10–30% PEG-6000). Biochemical plant growth-promoting (PGP) traits, growth indices, photosynthetic pigments, osmoprotectant accumulation, and oxidative stress markers were analyzed. Antioxidant enzyme and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-neutralizing gene expression were quantified through advanced molecular analysis.

Results

This innovative strategy substantially enhanced the activity of PGP and gene expression under salt-drought (900 mM NaCl and 30% PEG-6000) stress. PGPR consortium also significantly enhanced tolerance in plants under salt-drought (300 mM: 30% PEG-6000) stress. Antioxidant defensive mechanism and phytohormonal regulation were notably (p ≤ 0.05) increased, developing tolerance in plants.

Conclusion

The study demonstrates the efficacy of the PGPR consortium in mitigating salt-drought stress and increasing the yield of sustainable crops. The findings imply the potential of the consortium for large-scale agronomic uses, while field trials will be required to ascertain its wide-scale applicability.