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<p><i>OsNF-YC5</i>, a member of the nuclear factor Y (NF-Y) transcription factor family, plays a key role in rice grain development. Expression analysis showed that <i>OsNF-YC5</i> is highly expressed in young panicles and grains during the grain-filling stage. Knockout of <i>OsNF-YC5</i> resulted in longer but narrower and thinner grains, with increased length-to-width and length-to-thickness ratios, yet a 15.1% decrease in thousand-grain weight. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the lemma epidermal cells in the <i>osnf-yc5</i> mutant underwent longitudinal expansion and transverse contraction, with reduced cell number along the width, likely contributing to the altered grain morphology. Moreover, <i>osnf-yc5</i> mutant exhibited impaired grain filling, with the chalky grain rate increasing dramatically from 5.5% in the wild type to 81.1%. Composition analysis showed significant content changes in major storage substances, including total starch, amylose, prolamin, glutelin, and total lipid content, which decreased by 14.3%. In contrast, overexpression of <i>OsNF-YC5</i> resulted in smaller seeds, with reduced grain length, width, thickness, and weight as well as elevated chalky grain rates. Transcriptome profiling identified 1,046 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in <i>osnf-yc5</i> mutants, these DEGs were enriched in functions and pathways including regulation of transcription, nutrient reservoir activity, endoplasmic reticulum protein processing, starch and sucrose metabolism, suggesting that <i>OsNF-YC5</i> is involved in grain filling and storage substance accumulation. These findings underscore the importance of <i>OsNF-YC5</i> in controlling grain size and quality, highlighting its potential to improve rice production.</p>

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Nuclear factor OsNF-YC5 regulates grain size and quality in rice

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月27日

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  • Meng-tian Han,
  • Yan Huang,
  • Xin Yan,
  • Xin Wang,
  • Shao-bo Li,
  • Peng-fei Liao

摘要

OsNF-YC5, a member of the nuclear factor Y (NF-Y) transcription factor family, plays a key role in rice grain development. Expression analysis showed that OsNF-YC5 is highly expressed in young panicles and grains during the grain-filling stage. Knockout of OsNF-YC5 resulted in longer but narrower and thinner grains, with increased length-to-width and length-to-thickness ratios, yet a 15.1% decrease in thousand-grain weight. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the lemma epidermal cells in the osnf-yc5 mutant underwent longitudinal expansion and transverse contraction, with reduced cell number along the width, likely contributing to the altered grain morphology. Moreover, osnf-yc5 mutant exhibited impaired grain filling, with the chalky grain rate increasing dramatically from 5.5% in the wild type to 81.1%. Composition analysis showed significant content changes in major storage substances, including total starch, amylose, prolamin, glutelin, and total lipid content, which decreased by 14.3%. In contrast, overexpression of OsNF-YC5 resulted in smaller seeds, with reduced grain length, width, thickness, and weight as well as elevated chalky grain rates. Transcriptome profiling identified 1,046 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in osnf-yc5 mutants, these DEGs were enriched in functions and pathways including regulation of transcription, nutrient reservoir activity, endoplasmic reticulum protein processing, starch and sucrose metabolism, suggesting that OsNF-YC5 is involved in grain filling and storage substance accumulation. These findings underscore the importance of OsNF-YC5 in controlling grain size and quality, highlighting its potential to improve rice production.