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Purpose <p>Dopamine agonists (DAs), such as cabergoline (CAB), are first-line treatments for hyperprolactinaemia but have been associated with impulse control disorders (ICD). This observational study aimed to investigate the prevalence, severity, and clinical characteristics of ICD in CAB-treated patients compared with controls, using a combined clinician-administered and multimethod self-report assessment.</p> Methods <p>A total of 126 participants were included: 63 patients with prolactin-secreting pituitary adenomas receiving cabergoline (CAB) and 63 controls (CG). ICD were evaluated using the Parkinson’s Impulse Control Scale (PICS) as the reference diagnostic measure, alongside self-report questionnaires assessing ICD-related behaviors. Psychiatric comorbidity was assessed using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), and general psychopathology using the Brief Symptom Inventory-53 (BSI-53).</p> Results <p>ICD were identified in 15.9% of CAB-treated patients and 6.3% of controls, indicating a more than twofold higher prevalence and greater severity in the CAB group, although differences were not statistically significant. When restricted to CAB-related cases, prevalence decreased to 12.7%. The Questionnaire for Impulsive-Compulsive Disorders (QUIP) showed moderate sensitivity (71.4%) but low positive predictive value (41.7%). Within the CAB group, ICD-positive patients had shorter treatment duration and lower weekly doses. No significant differences emerged in MINI or BSI-53 results, although psychiatric comorbidity was present in ~ 50% of ICD cases.</p> Conclusion <p>CAB therapy was associated with a modest but clinically meaningful increase in ICD. Screening tools may support early identification, but positive findings require confirmation through comprehensive clinical assessment.</p>

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Impulse control disorders and their relationship with psychopathology in patients treated with cabergoline for hyperprolactinaemia

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月18日

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  • Luigi Zerbinati,
  • Giulia Cristilli,
  • Beatrice Valier,
  • Francesca Braccia,
  • David Okai,
  • Tommaso Toffanin,
  • Martina Verrienti,
  • Antonella Giampietro,
  • Luigi Grassi,
  • Maria Chiara Zatelli,
  • Maria Rosaria Ambrosio

摘要

Purpose

Dopamine agonists (DAs), such as cabergoline (CAB), are first-line treatments for hyperprolactinaemia but have been associated with impulse control disorders (ICD). This observational study aimed to investigate the prevalence, severity, and clinical characteristics of ICD in CAB-treated patients compared with controls, using a combined clinician-administered and multimethod self-report assessment.

Methods

A total of 126 participants were included: 63 patients with prolactin-secreting pituitary adenomas receiving cabergoline (CAB) and 63 controls (CG). ICD were evaluated using the Parkinson’s Impulse Control Scale (PICS) as the reference diagnostic measure, alongside self-report questionnaires assessing ICD-related behaviors. Psychiatric comorbidity was assessed using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), and general psychopathology using the Brief Symptom Inventory-53 (BSI-53).

Results

ICD were identified in 15.9% of CAB-treated patients and 6.3% of controls, indicating a more than twofold higher prevalence and greater severity in the CAB group, although differences were not statistically significant. When restricted to CAB-related cases, prevalence decreased to 12.7%. The Questionnaire for Impulsive-Compulsive Disorders (QUIP) showed moderate sensitivity (71.4%) but low positive predictive value (41.7%). Within the CAB group, ICD-positive patients had shorter treatment duration and lower weekly doses. No significant differences emerged in MINI or BSI-53 results, although psychiatric comorbidity was present in ~ 50% of ICD cases.

Conclusion

CAB therapy was associated with a modest but clinically meaningful increase in ICD. Screening tools may support early identification, but positive findings require confirmation through comprehensive clinical assessment.