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<p>Recently, ginsenosides have garnered significant attention for their potential hepatoprotective effects in various liver diseases, demonstrating multiple benefits particularly in acute/chronic liver toxicity, hepatitis, and liver fibrosis/cirrhosis. In this review, we systematically displayed the advancement of hepatoprotective effects of ginsenosides found between 2014 and 2024, discussed the hepatoprotective potential of ginsenosides against acute and chronic hepatotoxicity, hepatitis, liver fibrosis and cirrhosis, analyzed the limitations of existing hepatoprotective studies and prospects of ginsenosides. Moreover, based on the hepatoprotective targets of ginsenosides reported in the literature, protein-protein interactions were analyzed to identify the key hepatoprotective core targets of ginsenosides. Based on the multi-perspective analysis, both single and mixtures of ginsenosides showed good hepatoprotective activities, and anti-programmed cell death, improvement of glycolipid metabolism, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory might be the key molecular mechanisms of action of ginsenosides. Protein interaction analysis showed that ginsenosides regulate the core targets AKT1, TLR4, PPARG, MTOR, EGFR, SIRT1, PPARA, FOXO1, CASP1, MMP9, MAPK8, PTEN, and NLRP3, exerting antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, improving metabolism, and regulating immunity through mechanisms to treat various liver diseases. While extensive preclinical studies (animal and cellular&#xa0;levels) have investigated the hepatoprotective pharmacology of ginsenosides, robust clinical evidence supporting their efficacy in humans remains limited, necessitating strengthened clinical trial research in this field. This review provides new perspectives and useful references for the future development of ginseng- derived hepatoprotective drugs.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Ginsenosides as promising hepatoprotective natural drugs: progress, challenges and opportunities

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月23日

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  • Dangang Shangguan,
  • Zhaoquan Wu,
  • Yuan Mao,
  • Qi Huang,
  • Yikun Wang

摘要

Recently, ginsenosides have garnered significant attention for their potential hepatoprotective effects in various liver diseases, demonstrating multiple benefits particularly in acute/chronic liver toxicity, hepatitis, and liver fibrosis/cirrhosis. In this review, we systematically displayed the advancement of hepatoprotective effects of ginsenosides found between 2014 and 2024, discussed the hepatoprotective potential of ginsenosides against acute and chronic hepatotoxicity, hepatitis, liver fibrosis and cirrhosis, analyzed the limitations of existing hepatoprotective studies and prospects of ginsenosides. Moreover, based on the hepatoprotective targets of ginsenosides reported in the literature, protein-protein interactions were analyzed to identify the key hepatoprotective core targets of ginsenosides. Based on the multi-perspective analysis, both single and mixtures of ginsenosides showed good hepatoprotective activities, and anti-programmed cell death, improvement of glycolipid metabolism, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory might be the key molecular mechanisms of action of ginsenosides. Protein interaction analysis showed that ginsenosides regulate the core targets AKT1, TLR4, PPARG, MTOR, EGFR, SIRT1, PPARA, FOXO1, CASP1, MMP9, MAPK8, PTEN, and NLRP3, exerting antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, improving metabolism, and regulating immunity through mechanisms to treat various liver diseases. While extensive preclinical studies (animal and cellular levels) have investigated the hepatoprotective pharmacology of ginsenosides, robust clinical evidence supporting their efficacy in humans remains limited, necessitating strengthened clinical trial research in this field. This review provides new perspectives and useful references for the future development of ginseng- derived hepatoprotective drugs.

Graphical abstract