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<p>Cannabidivarin (CBDV) is a non-psychoactive phytocannabinoid that belongs to the varinic class of cannabinoids. It is structurally homologous to cannabidiol, through the presence of a shorter propyl side chain. Although present in small amounts in certain Cannabis varieties, CBDV has gained considerable research interest due to growing preclinical evidence supporting many therapeutic potentials. This review critically consolidates current knowledge on the plant source, biosynthesis, physicochemical properties, stability, mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, and current formulation strategies of CBDV. A literature search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, DrugBank, and PubChem. Clinical trial-related information was retrieved from ClinicalTrials.gov and the EU Clinical Trials Register. Patent literature was searched on WIPO Patentscope, USPTO, Espacenet, Google Patents, and Lens. Regulatory information were searched from the websites/databases of the USFDA, the Orange Book, the European Medicines Agency, the MHRA (United Kingdom), and the Health Canada Drug Product Database. Pharmaceutical development of CBDV is limited due to low oral bioavailability, high oxidative and photolytic sensitivity. CBDV modulates CB2 receptors, transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, G-protein-coupled receptors (GPRs), dopaminergic pathways, and the endocannabinoid system. Preclinical studies have demonstrated therapeutic relevance in epilepsy, autism, Rett syndrome, etc. Clinical studies indicate that CBDV is well-tolerated, but its efficacy remains limited due to poor systemic exposure and a lack of optimized formulation strategies. The available evidence positions CBDV as a pharmacologically promising cannabinoid that remains underexplored. Rational formulation design approaches, particularly nanotechnology-based delivery systems, have the potential to overcome biopharmaceutical and formulation limitations and facilitate translational development.</p>

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Cannabidivarin: current evidence on pharmacological activity, biopharmaceutical limitations and clinical prospects

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月20日

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  • Surojit Banerjee,
  • Debadri Banerjee,
  • Veerma Ram,
  • Hitesh Kulhari,
  • Deep Pooja,
  • Anupama Singh,
  • Vikas Anand Saharan

摘要

Cannabidivarin (CBDV) is a non-psychoactive phytocannabinoid that belongs to the varinic class of cannabinoids. It is structurally homologous to cannabidiol, through the presence of a shorter propyl side chain. Although present in small amounts in certain Cannabis varieties, CBDV has gained considerable research interest due to growing preclinical evidence supporting many therapeutic potentials. This review critically consolidates current knowledge on the plant source, biosynthesis, physicochemical properties, stability, mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, and current formulation strategies of CBDV. A literature search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, DrugBank, and PubChem. Clinical trial-related information was retrieved from ClinicalTrials.gov and the EU Clinical Trials Register. Patent literature was searched on WIPO Patentscope, USPTO, Espacenet, Google Patents, and Lens. Regulatory information were searched from the websites/databases of the USFDA, the Orange Book, the European Medicines Agency, the MHRA (United Kingdom), and the Health Canada Drug Product Database. Pharmaceutical development of CBDV is limited due to low oral bioavailability, high oxidative and photolytic sensitivity. CBDV modulates CB2 receptors, transient receptor potential (TRP) channels, G-protein-coupled receptors (GPRs), dopaminergic pathways, and the endocannabinoid system. Preclinical studies have demonstrated therapeutic relevance in epilepsy, autism, Rett syndrome, etc. Clinical studies indicate that CBDV is well-tolerated, but its efficacy remains limited due to poor systemic exposure and a lack of optimized formulation strategies. The available evidence positions CBDV as a pharmacologically promising cannabinoid that remains underexplored. Rational formulation design approaches, particularly nanotechnology-based delivery systems, have the potential to overcome biopharmaceutical and formulation limitations and facilitate translational development.