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<p>The medicinal material Ramulus Rubi is prepared from the dried stems and branches of <i>Rubus idaeus</i> subsp. <i>strigosus</i> (Michx.) Focke. It is of ethnopharmacological relevance, long utilized in traditional Mongolian medicine within China for the treatment of conditions such as immature heat, epidemics, and pestilential fevers. Geographically, it is primarily distributed in China across the Greater Khingan Range to the Qilian Mountains, covering the regions of Jilin, Heilongjiang, and Inner Mongolia, and its use is recorded predominantly in the Mongolian medical system, with additional mentions in Tibetan medicine. In traditional clinical practice, it is frequently incorporated into compound formulations, such as “Siwei Tumuxiang San” and “Tumuxiang Siwei Tang”. This review systematically consolidates the current knowledge on Ramulus Rubi during 1997–2025, with an emphasis on its botanical verification, chemical constituents, quality control, pharmacological properties, and common formulations. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Springer, Science Direct, ACS, Wiley, CNKI, and historical materia medica for the “<i>Rubus sachalinensis</i> H. Lév”, “<i>Rubus idaeus</i> subsp. <i>strigosus</i> (Michx.) Focke<i>”</i> and “Ramulus Rubi” with “Chemical constituents”, “Quality control” or “Biological activity” as keywords and full text was obtained from the respective journal’s website. To date, 176 characterized compounds can be classified into five major groups, predominantly flavonoids, phenolic acids, and triterpenoid saponins. The pharmacological activities of both crude extracts and isolated compounds—spanning antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and cytotoxic effects—are critically examined. This analysis demonstrates a compelling correlation with its traditional uses and underscores its relevance to critical human health concerns. By integrating traditional knowledge with modern phytochemical and pharmacological evidence, this review not only highlights the potential of Ramulus Rubi as a valuable source of putative lead compounds but also identifies key research gaps, urging further investigation into its mechanisms of action, structure–activity relationships, and drug development potential.</p>

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Ramulus Rubi: a systematic overview on phytochemistry and pharmacology of an important traditional Mongolian medicine

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月21日

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  • Chungang Zhang,
  • Ti Wang,
  • Haoliang Hou,
  • Minyuan Tian

摘要

The medicinal material Ramulus Rubi is prepared from the dried stems and branches of Rubus idaeus subsp. strigosus (Michx.) Focke. It is of ethnopharmacological relevance, long utilized in traditional Mongolian medicine within China for the treatment of conditions such as immature heat, epidemics, and pestilential fevers. Geographically, it is primarily distributed in China across the Greater Khingan Range to the Qilian Mountains, covering the regions of Jilin, Heilongjiang, and Inner Mongolia, and its use is recorded predominantly in the Mongolian medical system, with additional mentions in Tibetan medicine. In traditional clinical practice, it is frequently incorporated into compound formulations, such as “Siwei Tumuxiang San” and “Tumuxiang Siwei Tang”. This review systematically consolidates the current knowledge on Ramulus Rubi during 1997–2025, with an emphasis on its botanical verification, chemical constituents, quality control, pharmacological properties, and common formulations. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Springer, Science Direct, ACS, Wiley, CNKI, and historical materia medica for the “Rubus sachalinensis H. Lév”, “Rubus idaeus subsp. strigosus (Michx.) Focke” and “Ramulus Rubi” with “Chemical constituents”, “Quality control” or “Biological activity” as keywords and full text was obtained from the respective journal’s website. To date, 176 characterized compounds can be classified into five major groups, predominantly flavonoids, phenolic acids, and triterpenoid saponins. The pharmacological activities of both crude extracts and isolated compounds—spanning antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and cytotoxic effects—are critically examined. This analysis demonstrates a compelling correlation with its traditional uses and underscores its relevance to critical human health concerns. By integrating traditional knowledge with modern phytochemical and pharmacological evidence, this review not only highlights the potential of Ramulus Rubi as a valuable source of putative lead compounds but also identifies key research gaps, urging further investigation into its mechanisms of action, structure–activity relationships, and drug development potential.