<p>Breast cancer remains one of the most significant health challenges affecting women worldwide, with both incidence and mortality rates continuing to rise. Although current treatment strategies including surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and hormonal therapy offer substantial clinical benefits, they are often associated with high costs, toxicity, drug resistance, metastasis, and tumor recurrence, which contribute significantly to patient mortality. To overcome these limitations, the development of novel and effective therapeutic approaches are essential. Phytochemicals naturally occurring bioactive compounds derived from plants have gained considerable attention as potential alternatives or adjuncts in cancer treatment. Their inherent biocompatibility, multitargeted mechanisms of action, and ability to induce apoptosis and inhibit proliferation make them promising candidates for breast cancer therapy. Various in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated their anticancer efficacy. However, clinical translation remains limited due to factors such as poor solubility, rapid metabolism, low bioavailability, resistance, and potential toxicity. One major obstacle is the inefficient delivery of these compounds to tumour sites. Recent advancements in nanotechnology have led to the development of nano-formulated phytochemicals, offering improved stability, targeted delivery, enhanced therapeutic efficacy, and reduced systemic toxicity. These nano-based delivery systems present a promising strategy to overcome the limitations associated with conventional phytochemical therapies. This review provides a comprehensive overview of current advancements in the use of phytochemicals for breast cancer treatment, elucidates their underlying molecular mechanisms, and highlights the potential of nanotechnology-driven delivery systems to enhance their clinical translation.</p>