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<p>Steroidal saponins, prominent bioactive constituents present in monocot plants, primarily comprise sugars and glycosides. They significantly contribute to the domain of natural product chemistry due to their profound pharmacological attributes and demonstrated efficacy in treating a plethora of disease. The complex and multifaceted synthetic pathways of steroidal saponins stem from the diversity within spirostane structures and glycosyl ligands. This provides a material basis for the diversity of physiological activities of steroidal saponins and enriches the resource pool of steroidal saponins. However, it comes with the substantial challenge of refining and separating total steroidal saponins in plants, exacerbating difficulties in deciphering the mechanism of action for total steroidal saponin extracts as physiologically active constituents. Presently, the main utilization of steroidal saponins is to hydrolyze them into diosgenin as simple drug precursors, but the intrinsic value of these highly active natural compounds has not been fully utilized. To maximize their medicinal potential and bolster their contribution to human health, recent advancements in the biosynthesis, extraction, separation, and application of steroidal saponins were summarized here. Potential challenges faced at different stages with plausible suggestions are discussed for future exploration, adoption, and development of steroidal saponins.</p> Graphical abstract <p>To enhance comprehension of its pharmacological properties and unleash its medicinal potential, this article reviews the latest progress in the biosynthesis, extraction, separation, and application of steroidal saponins.</p> <p></p>

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Steroidal saponins: a treasure trove of natural resources that require urgent development

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月31日

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  • Zhiqiang Sun,
  • Chunmei Zhong,
  • Hongdan Zhang,
  • Yunle Liu,
  • Yitong Wang,
  • Chunyan Zhang,
  • Cheng Cai,
  • Jun Xie

摘要

Steroidal saponins, prominent bioactive constituents present in monocot plants, primarily comprise sugars and glycosides. They significantly contribute to the domain of natural product chemistry due to their profound pharmacological attributes and demonstrated efficacy in treating a plethora of disease. The complex and multifaceted synthetic pathways of steroidal saponins stem from the diversity within spirostane structures and glycosyl ligands. This provides a material basis for the diversity of physiological activities of steroidal saponins and enriches the resource pool of steroidal saponins. However, it comes with the substantial challenge of refining and separating total steroidal saponins in plants, exacerbating difficulties in deciphering the mechanism of action for total steroidal saponin extracts as physiologically active constituents. Presently, the main utilization of steroidal saponins is to hydrolyze them into diosgenin as simple drug precursors, but the intrinsic value of these highly active natural compounds has not been fully utilized. To maximize their medicinal potential and bolster their contribution to human health, recent advancements in the biosynthesis, extraction, separation, and application of steroidal saponins were summarized here. Potential challenges faced at different stages with plausible suggestions are discussed for future exploration, adoption, and development of steroidal saponins.

Graphical abstract

To enhance comprehension of its pharmacological properties and unleash its medicinal potential, this article reviews the latest progress in the biosynthesis, extraction, separation, and application of steroidal saponins.