Emergence from ground
摘要
A strongly emergent entity is both dependent on and determined by certain phenomena, while being fundamental with respect to them. The claim that there are strongly emergent entities encounters two problems. First, the core idea of strong emergence is initially puzzling and so requires clarification. Second, the idea appears not to have application on our best scientific theories. This paper proposes a simple ground-theoretic account of strong emergence, and offers reasons to think that the phenomenon thereby characterized has applications in biochemistry. One upshot is that claims of strong emergence are ultimately neither as puzzling nor as useless as critics have alleged. Another upshot is that a very simple, ground-theoretic account of fundamentality is more flexible than might have been thought.