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<p>The Experience Sampling Method (ESM) is a promising approach for research on self-disorders, as it may enable studying how momentary changes in anomalous world experiences (AWEs) impact delusion development and maintenance. Using ESM to study AWEs requires clarification on two key issues: 1) discerning to what extent self-reports for AWEs align with clinician-based assessments; and 2) demonstrating the dynamic variability of AWEs in order to justify the use of ESM. This paper reports an exploratory ESM study (n = 7; 286 total ESM observations) on these two issues. False-positive indices and agreement rates between self-reports and clinician-based assessments were calculated, and ESM data was used to observe dynamic variability in AWEs. Exploratory mixed-effects models were conducted, using the AWE <i>Unknown/Unstatable Significance</i> as a predictor, and paranoia as an outcome. Two models were compared on indices of fit: Model 1, using all obtained data for the predictor variable (n = 6), and Model 2 (n = 5), eliminating data suspected of containing false-positives of the predictor. Average ESM completion rate was 68%. False-positive indices and agreement rates ranged from 20–88% and 14–86%, respectively. Visual inspection of temporal profiles of AWEs showed dynamic variability. Although mixed-effects models should be interpreted with caution, we observed a threshold effect for the relationship between <i>Unknown/Unstatable Significance</i> and paranoia (Model 1; <i>B</i> = –3.90, <i>p</i> = <i>0.015</i>; Model 2: <i>B</i> = –2.87, <i>p</i> = <i>0.50</i>). Indices of fit improved in Model 2 (Model 1; <i>AIC</i> = 1525.76<i>, BIC</i> = 1559.15; Model 2; <i>AIC</i> = 1172.64, <i>BIC</i> = 1203.77). Larger-scale validation studies on AWE self-report items are warranted, as are further ESM studies that examine the role of AWEs in delusions.</p>

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Capturing the dynamics of anomalous world experiences in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders: An exploratory experience-sampling study

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月9日

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  • Pavan S. Brar,
  • Elizabeth Pienkos,
  • Jasper Feyaerts,
  • Melissa A. Kalarchian,
  • Deepak K. Sarpal,
  • Helen J. Wood,
  • James B. Schreiber,
  • Alexander Kranjec

摘要

The Experience Sampling Method (ESM) is a promising approach for research on self-disorders, as it may enable studying how momentary changes in anomalous world experiences (AWEs) impact delusion development and maintenance. Using ESM to study AWEs requires clarification on two key issues: 1) discerning to what extent self-reports for AWEs align with clinician-based assessments; and 2) demonstrating the dynamic variability of AWEs in order to justify the use of ESM. This paper reports an exploratory ESM study (n = 7; 286 total ESM observations) on these two issues. False-positive indices and agreement rates between self-reports and clinician-based assessments were calculated, and ESM data was used to observe dynamic variability in AWEs. Exploratory mixed-effects models were conducted, using the AWE Unknown/Unstatable Significance as a predictor, and paranoia as an outcome. Two models were compared on indices of fit: Model 1, using all obtained data for the predictor variable (n = 6), and Model 2 (n = 5), eliminating data suspected of containing false-positives of the predictor. Average ESM completion rate was 68%. False-positive indices and agreement rates ranged from 20–88% and 14–86%, respectively. Visual inspection of temporal profiles of AWEs showed dynamic variability. Although mixed-effects models should be interpreted with caution, we observed a threshold effect for the relationship between Unknown/Unstatable Significance and paranoia (Model 1; B = –3.90, p = 0.015; Model 2: B = –2.87, p = 0.50). Indices of fit improved in Model 2 (Model 1; AIC = 1525.76, BIC = 1559.15; Model 2; AIC = 1172.64, BIC = 1203.77). Larger-scale validation studies on AWE self-report items are warranted, as are further ESM studies that examine the role of AWEs in delusions.