Double alienation: A phenomenological perspective on psychosis
摘要
This paper aims to shed light on a doubleness that pertains to psychotic experiences in schizophrenia, rarely thematized in conceptual terms. Patients report a sentiment of existing in two disjoint realities: a private or psychotic reality, and an everyday reality shared with others, from which they feel profoundly alienated (viz. double bookkeeping). I argue that predominant conceptions of psychosis as some form of loss of reality or common sense cannot account for this doubleness, which seems to lie at the heart of the very nature of psychosis. To address this, I introduce the notion of double alienation, referring to an alienation not only from the world, but from a world that already appears staged, artificial, or unreal. Drawing on phenomenologically informed clinical material, and through critical readings of Blankenburg, Merleau-Ponty, and Heidegger – in particular their notions of ambiguity and uncanniness (Unheimlichkeit) – I aim to demonstrate how this double alienation entails a destabilization of the experience of a familiar surrounding world, exposing the artificiality of what others take to be natural or self-evident. Psychosis, in this view, does not merely entail a detachment from the world, but rather, a disturbing exposure to the very fragile and paradoxical framework of reality itself.