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<p>Kant’s key question in his <i>Critique of Pure Reason</i> is, ‘Upon what ground rests the connection of that within us which is called presentation to the object?’ (to Herz). Kant identified key problems about sensation, perception and cognition which require both philosophical and physiological solutions. Kant’s <i>Critique</i> develops both a sophisticated epistemology and a cogent cognitive architecture. The key question of Mark Bickhard’s Interactivism is: How is ‘representation’ at all possible physiologically? <i>The Whole Person</i> (2025) details a highly sophisticated thermodynamic model of how biological organisms are at all possible, by sustaining themselves by sustaining their capacities to sustain themselves; and how organisms can sense, perceive and behave effectively within their environs. Such thermodynamic forms of organic functioning afford further cognitive and ultimately linguistic and social forms of interaction by more sophisticated organisms with their environs and conspecifics. By design, Kant’s cognitive architecture and Bickhard’s Interactivism are comprehensive outlines, sufficiently detailed to have definite implications to develop and assess, whilst leaving open vast ranges of empirical specifics. The convergences between their accounts are surprising, substantial and fascinating. Two dozen are identified here.</p>

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Kant's Cognitive Architecture & Bickhard's Interactivism

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月3日

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  • Kenneth R. Westphal

摘要

Kant’s key question in his Critique of Pure Reason is, ‘Upon what ground rests the connection of that within us which is called presentation to the object?’ (to Herz). Kant identified key problems about sensation, perception and cognition which require both philosophical and physiological solutions. Kant’s Critique develops both a sophisticated epistemology and a cogent cognitive architecture. The key question of Mark Bickhard’s Interactivism is: How is ‘representation’ at all possible physiologically? The Whole Person (2025) details a highly sophisticated thermodynamic model of how biological organisms are at all possible, by sustaining themselves by sustaining their capacities to sustain themselves; and how organisms can sense, perceive and behave effectively within their environs. Such thermodynamic forms of organic functioning afford further cognitive and ultimately linguistic and social forms of interaction by more sophisticated organisms with their environs and conspecifics. By design, Kant’s cognitive architecture and Bickhard’s Interactivism are comprehensive outlines, sufficiently detailed to have definite implications to develop and assess, whilst leaving open vast ranges of empirical specifics. The convergences between their accounts are surprising, substantial and fascinating. Two dozen are identified here.