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Purpose <p>Resmetirom (RSM), the first FDA-approved drug for non‑cirrhotic steatohepatitis, suffers from poor aqueous solubility, limiting its oral bioavailability. This study aims to enhance the solubility of RSM through cocrystal engineering guided by Hansen Solubility Parameters (HSP).</p> Methods <p>HSP as an initial miscibility filter combined with hydrogen-bond complementarity for cocrystal screening. Five novel cocrystals (Resmetirom-(S)-( +)-2-Amino-1-butanol (RSM‑S‑AB), Resmetirom-4-Aminopyridine (RSM‑AP), Resmetirom-Piperazine (RSM‑Pip), Resmetirom-Pyrimidine (RSM‑Pyr), Resmetirom-(R)-( +)-9-(2-Hydroxypropyl) adenine (RSM‑R‑HPA)) were obtained and characterized by PXRD, DSC, TGA, FT‑IR, and SCXRD. Hirshfeld surface analysis was employed to investigate intermolecular interactions. Equilibrium solubility and intrinsic dissolution rate (IDR) were measured in ultrapure water.</p> Results <p>All five cocrystals exhibited enhanced equilibrium solubility compared to pure RSM, with RSM‑S‑AB showing the greatest improvement (~ 30-fold). SCXRD revealed that the solubility enhancement stems from an extended hydrogen‑bonding network, a more open crystal packing, and additional polar groups introduced by the coformers. Lower melting points of all cocrystals further indicated reduced lattice energy.</p> Conclusions <p>Cocrystal engineering guided by HSP and hydrogen‑bond complementarity successfully improved the aqueous solubility of RSM. The elucidated structure–solubility relationships provide a practical approach for optimizing the solid forms of poorly soluble drug candidates.</p>

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From Crystal Structure to Dissolution Enhancement: Cocrystal Engineering of Resmetirom to Address Its Solubility Challenge

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月28日

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  • Chen Yang,
  • Rui Zhu,
  • Feipeng Zhang,
  • Liang Hu,
  • Xueyan Zhu,
  • Xiangkui Liu,
  • Ying Luo

摘要

Purpose

Resmetirom (RSM), the first FDA-approved drug for non‑cirrhotic steatohepatitis, suffers from poor aqueous solubility, limiting its oral bioavailability. This study aims to enhance the solubility of RSM through cocrystal engineering guided by Hansen Solubility Parameters (HSP).

Methods

HSP as an initial miscibility filter combined with hydrogen-bond complementarity for cocrystal screening. Five novel cocrystals (Resmetirom-(S)-( +)-2-Amino-1-butanol (RSM‑S‑AB), Resmetirom-4-Aminopyridine (RSM‑AP), Resmetirom-Piperazine (RSM‑Pip), Resmetirom-Pyrimidine (RSM‑Pyr), Resmetirom-(R)-( +)-9-(2-Hydroxypropyl) adenine (RSM‑R‑HPA)) were obtained and characterized by PXRD, DSC, TGA, FT‑IR, and SCXRD. Hirshfeld surface analysis was employed to investigate intermolecular interactions. Equilibrium solubility and intrinsic dissolution rate (IDR) were measured in ultrapure water.

Results

All five cocrystals exhibited enhanced equilibrium solubility compared to pure RSM, with RSM‑S‑AB showing the greatest improvement (~ 30-fold). SCXRD revealed that the solubility enhancement stems from an extended hydrogen‑bonding network, a more open crystal packing, and additional polar groups introduced by the coformers. Lower melting points of all cocrystals further indicated reduced lattice energy.

Conclusions

Cocrystal engineering guided by HSP and hydrogen‑bond complementarity successfully improved the aqueous solubility of RSM. The elucidated structure–solubility relationships provide a practical approach for optimizing the solid forms of poorly soluble drug candidates.