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Purpose <p>To develop a localized delivery implant by integrating doxorubicin loaded spanlastic vesicles within Freeform Reversible Embedding of Suspended Hydrogels (FRESH) printed alginate constructs.</p> Methods <p>Spanlastics composed of Sorbitan Monostearate (Span60) and an edge activator, Polyethylene sorbitol ester (Tween 80), were prepared by ethanolic injection. Plain and drug-loaded spanlastics were characterized for their physicochemical properties. Vesicles were incorporated into 3D printed sodium alginate hydrogels in ‘FRESH’ bioprinting process to promote the sustained drug release of doxorubicin which was assessed using dialysis membrane for drug release. <i>In vitro</i> uptake and cytotoxicity were evaluated in MCF7 breast cancer cells.</p> Results <p>Optimized formulations produced vesicles of approximately 200 to 300&#xa0;nm with moderate encapsulation efficiency (33 to 44%) and stability during hydrogel incorporation and printing. Printed depots provided sustained doxorubicin release relative to suspension and reduced MCF7 viability, with preferential intracellular and nuclear localization consistent with doxorubicin activity.</p> Conclusion <p>Spanlastic-loaded FRESH printed alginate implants combine vesicle-mediated cellular delivery with matrix-governed sustained release, supporting their potential as a localized chemotherapy depot for further <i>in vivo</i> validation.</p>

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Fresh 3D Printing of Spanlastics Hydrogel for Drug Delivery Applications In Vitro

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月6日

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  • Elom Doe,
  • Abigail Alabi,
  • Leela Raghava Jaidev Chakka,
  • Mohammed Maniruzzaman

摘要

Purpose

To develop a localized delivery implant by integrating doxorubicin loaded spanlastic vesicles within Freeform Reversible Embedding of Suspended Hydrogels (FRESH) printed alginate constructs.

Methods

Spanlastics composed of Sorbitan Monostearate (Span60) and an edge activator, Polyethylene sorbitol ester (Tween 80), were prepared by ethanolic injection. Plain and drug-loaded spanlastics were characterized for their physicochemical properties. Vesicles were incorporated into 3D printed sodium alginate hydrogels in ‘FRESH’ bioprinting process to promote the sustained drug release of doxorubicin which was assessed using dialysis membrane for drug release. In vitro uptake and cytotoxicity were evaluated in MCF7 breast cancer cells.

Results

Optimized formulations produced vesicles of approximately 200 to 300 nm with moderate encapsulation efficiency (33 to 44%) and stability during hydrogel incorporation and printing. Printed depots provided sustained doxorubicin release relative to suspension and reduced MCF7 viability, with preferential intracellular and nuclear localization consistent with doxorubicin activity.

Conclusion

Spanlastic-loaded FRESH printed alginate implants combine vesicle-mediated cellular delivery with matrix-governed sustained release, supporting their potential as a localized chemotherapy depot for further in vivo validation.