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<p>Etoposide has played a very significant role in the treatment of various malignancies like germ cell tumors, Kaposi’s sarcoma associated with AIDS, Hodgkin’s disease, Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, mycosis fungoides, acute myeloblasticleukemia, neuroblastoma, Ewing’s sarcoma, paediatric rhabdomyosarcoma, ovarian carcinoma, small cell lung cancers, non-small cell lung cancers, gastric cancer and hepatomain the past two decades. It is poorly water-soluble which necessitates including vehicles such as surfactants in their commercial formulations. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polysorbate-80 (Tween 80) dissolved in ethyl alcohol (EC) were used as co solvents/surfactants in the formulations, which are responsible for many of the unwanted effects such as hypersensitivity, hypotension and metabolic acidosis. These agents are also responsible to alter the pharmacokinetics and bio-distribution of etoposide. Also high doses, which need to be administered causes, the precipitation of these drugs, the surfactants in this case causes the infusion system to break. Various strategies have been adopted to develop surfactants free formulations, include GCPQ formulations and certain Glycol Chitosan formulations. An overview of all these formulations, their advantages, disadvantages and methods of analysis, their pharmaceutical and pharmacological approaches will be discussed in detail in this review.</p>

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A Comprehensive Review on Etoposide: A Potent Chemotherapeutic Agent

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月1日

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  • Ismail Khan,
  • Abad Khan,
  • Fahim Ullah Khan,
  • Noor Ul Ain Nawaz,
  • Fazle Rabbi,
  • Rabia Azam,
  • Syeda Rabqa Zainab,
  • Madiha Anjum,
  • Binash Gul Khattak,
  • Urooj Tariq

摘要

Etoposide has played a very significant role in the treatment of various malignancies like germ cell tumors, Kaposi’s sarcoma associated with AIDS, Hodgkin’s disease, Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, mycosis fungoides, acute myeloblasticleukemia, neuroblastoma, Ewing’s sarcoma, paediatric rhabdomyosarcoma, ovarian carcinoma, small cell lung cancers, non-small cell lung cancers, gastric cancer and hepatomain the past two decades. It is poorly water-soluble which necessitates including vehicles such as surfactants in their commercial formulations. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polysorbate-80 (Tween 80) dissolved in ethyl alcohol (EC) were used as co solvents/surfactants in the formulations, which are responsible for many of the unwanted effects such as hypersensitivity, hypotension and metabolic acidosis. These agents are also responsible to alter the pharmacokinetics and bio-distribution of etoposide. Also high doses, which need to be administered causes, the precipitation of these drugs, the surfactants in this case causes the infusion system to break. Various strategies have been adopted to develop surfactants free formulations, include GCPQ formulations and certain Glycol Chitosan formulations. An overview of all these formulations, their advantages, disadvantages and methods of analysis, their pharmaceutical and pharmacological approaches will be discussed in detail in this review.