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<p>In the automotive sector, the shift from combustion engines (gasoline and diesel) to electric powertrains, such as battery and hybrid electric vehicles, is advancing. By contrast, diesel engines remain the primary power source for marine vessels. Approximately 95% of marine propulsion systems rely on diesel and other combustion engines such as gas-fueled units. This share is unlikely to decline in the near future, given that batteries are not well-suited for long-range ocean voyages. Consequently, diesel engines are the primary power sources for ships. However, emissions such as nitrogen oxides (NO<sub>x</sub>) and particulate matter (PM) must be reduced, even for low-emission diesel engines fueled with non-sulfur gas oil or light oil, to realize ultraclean operation. This study investigates aftertreatment strategies for low-emission diesel engines to realize an ultraclean exhaust that remains competitive with moving electric power sources. We propose an aftertreatment technology based on surface discharge-induced plasma. The proposed approach does not require additives such as urea. We successfully removed NO<sub>x</sub> and hydrocarbons (HCs) from diesel engine exhaust gases by passing the exhaust gas through a plasma reactor at high exhaust gas flow rates. In addition, by measuring the concentrations of the exhaust gas components including NO, NO<sub>x</sub>, CO, CO<sub>2</sub>, total hydrocarbons, O<sub>2</sub>, H<sub>2</sub>O, O<sub>3</sub>, and HNO<sub>3</sub> before and after plasma treatment, we examined the reaction of these components within the reactor. The results show that the removal efficiencies of NO<sub>x</sub> and HC are 67% and 76%, respectively, at a specific energy of 143&#xa0;J/L. PM and HCs are removed by oxidation with atomic oxygen species generated from O<sub>3</sub> and NO<sub>2</sub> produced by the surface-discharge plasma. NO<sub>x</sub> is reduced through reduction reactions with the reducing components CO and HC. The experimental results show that it is necessary to operate the plasma reactor under conditions of low specific energy or low plasma power conditions to increase the removal efficiencies of NO<sub>x</sub> and HC.</p>

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Nonthermal Plasma Aftertreatment for Low-emission Diesel Engines To Achieve Ultra-clean Power Generation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月4日

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  • Kento Fukui,
  • Kohei Kawakami,
  • Apeksha Madhukar,
  • Haruhiko Yamasaki,
  • Tomoyuki Kuroki,
  • Masaaki Okubo

摘要

In the automotive sector, the shift from combustion engines (gasoline and diesel) to electric powertrains, such as battery and hybrid electric vehicles, is advancing. By contrast, diesel engines remain the primary power source for marine vessels. Approximately 95% of marine propulsion systems rely on diesel and other combustion engines such as gas-fueled units. This share is unlikely to decline in the near future, given that batteries are not well-suited for long-range ocean voyages. Consequently, diesel engines are the primary power sources for ships. However, emissions such as nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulate matter (PM) must be reduced, even for low-emission diesel engines fueled with non-sulfur gas oil or light oil, to realize ultraclean operation. This study investigates aftertreatment strategies for low-emission diesel engines to realize an ultraclean exhaust that remains competitive with moving electric power sources. We propose an aftertreatment technology based on surface discharge-induced plasma. The proposed approach does not require additives such as urea. We successfully removed NOx and hydrocarbons (HCs) from diesel engine exhaust gases by passing the exhaust gas through a plasma reactor at high exhaust gas flow rates. In addition, by measuring the concentrations of the exhaust gas components including NO, NOx, CO, CO2, total hydrocarbons, O2, H2O, O3, and HNO3 before and after plasma treatment, we examined the reaction of these components within the reactor. The results show that the removal efficiencies of NOx and HC are 67% and 76%, respectively, at a specific energy of 143 J/L. PM and HCs are removed by oxidation with atomic oxygen species generated from O3 and NO2 produced by the surface-discharge plasma. NOx is reduced through reduction reactions with the reducing components CO and HC. The experimental results show that it is necessary to operate the plasma reactor under conditions of low specific energy or low plasma power conditions to increase the removal efficiencies of NOx and HC.