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<p>Plasma technology has emerged as a promising nonthermal approach to improve seed germination and crop development through plasma–biomaterial interactions and surface activation. In this study, a helium atmospheric-pressure plasma jet (APPJ) was applied to H-392 hybrid maize (<i>Zea mays</i>) seeds under four voltage conditions (3810, 4080, 4619, and 4888&#xa0;V), with a control group receiving no treatment. Morphological analysis was performed by evaluating germination rate, root length, and shoot height over a 13-day period. The 3810&#xa0;V treatment produced the most significant enhancement, increasing germination by 17% and promoting substantial improvements in root (57.85&#xa0;mm) and shoot (20.26&#xa0;mm) growth compared to the control. Plasma diagnostics included optical emission spectroscopy (OES) and electrical analysis using Lissajous figures (charge–voltage plots), which confirmed the generation of reactive nitrogen and oxygen species (RONS) as well as a progressive increase in dissipated power with higher voltage levels. These results demonstrate a stable capacitive discharge regime and energy-efficient plasma–seed coupling. Overall, these findings support the use of non-thermal plasma jets as an efficient and controllable tool for tailoring plasma–biomaterial interactions in seed treatment applications.</p>

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Analysis of the Effects of Plasma Jet Application on Maize (Zea mays) Seeds for Early Development Assessment

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月12日

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  • Juan Carlos Martínez López,
  • Aarón Gómez Díaz,
  • Miriam Ivonne Maldonado Rosales,
  • Diana Rocio Ruiz Saénz,
  • Josefina Vergara Sánchez,
  • César Torres Segundo,
  • Jose Carlos Palomares Amado,
  • Jorge Mulia Rodríguez,
  • Pedro Guillermo Reyes Romero

摘要

Plasma technology has emerged as a promising nonthermal approach to improve seed germination and crop development through plasma–biomaterial interactions and surface activation. In this study, a helium atmospheric-pressure plasma jet (APPJ) was applied to H-392 hybrid maize (Zea mays) seeds under four voltage conditions (3810, 4080, 4619, and 4888 V), with a control group receiving no treatment. Morphological analysis was performed by evaluating germination rate, root length, and shoot height over a 13-day period. The 3810 V treatment produced the most significant enhancement, increasing germination by 17% and promoting substantial improvements in root (57.85 mm) and shoot (20.26 mm) growth compared to the control. Plasma diagnostics included optical emission spectroscopy (OES) and electrical analysis using Lissajous figures (charge–voltage plots), which confirmed the generation of reactive nitrogen and oxygen species (RONS) as well as a progressive increase in dissipated power with higher voltage levels. These results demonstrate a stable capacitive discharge regime and energy-efficient plasma–seed coupling. Overall, these findings support the use of non-thermal plasma jets as an efficient and controllable tool for tailoring plasma–biomaterial interactions in seed treatment applications.