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<p>Plasma-activated water (PAW) produced by different methods has been intensively studied for its biomedical applications due to the antimicrobial effects of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species within. While many of these studies focus on the effects of PAW on bacterial death, other bacterial responses to PAW are seldom assessed. Herein, we report an evaluation of PAW produced by a falling-film plasma reactor (FFPR) on the growth of <i>Lysobacter enzymogenes</i> and its biosynthesis of the natural products - heat stable antifungal factor (HSAF) and its analogs. An FFPR setup was demonstrated to effectively create plasma-treated deionized water under atmospheric conditions for the generation of PAW. These PAW samples were shown to contain nitrite, nitrate, and hydrogen peroxide of concentrations that were dependent on the plasma activation time. Short periods of PAW activation caused <i>L. enzymogenes</i> to significantly increase the production of HSAF, its analogs, and total cell growth. The PAW produced with a longer plasma activation period had higher concentrations of nitrate and hydrogen peroxide, and was found to have decreased growth in <i>L. enzymogenes</i>. These results shed new light that PAW can also be used to stimulate the production of natural products. Furthermore, the activation period of PAW can be optimized to stimulate either an increase in the total HSAF yield or HSAF yield per optical density unit in a cell culture. </p>

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Stimulated Production of Heat Stable Antifungal Factor by Plasma-Activated Water

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月17日

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  • Matthew R. Winburn,
  • Kyle L. Schuelke,
  • Amanda Lynn Miller,
  • Pinky Chowdhury,
  • Liangcheng Du,
  • Chin Li Cheung

摘要

Plasma-activated water (PAW) produced by different methods has been intensively studied for its biomedical applications due to the antimicrobial effects of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species within. While many of these studies focus on the effects of PAW on bacterial death, other bacterial responses to PAW are seldom assessed. Herein, we report an evaluation of PAW produced by a falling-film plasma reactor (FFPR) on the growth of Lysobacter enzymogenes and its biosynthesis of the natural products - heat stable antifungal factor (HSAF) and its analogs. An FFPR setup was demonstrated to effectively create plasma-treated deionized water under atmospheric conditions for the generation of PAW. These PAW samples were shown to contain nitrite, nitrate, and hydrogen peroxide of concentrations that were dependent on the plasma activation time. Short periods of PAW activation caused L. enzymogenes to significantly increase the production of HSAF, its analogs, and total cell growth. The PAW produced with a longer plasma activation period had higher concentrations of nitrate and hydrogen peroxide, and was found to have decreased growth in L. enzymogenes. These results shed new light that PAW can also be used to stimulate the production of natural products. Furthermore, the activation period of PAW can be optimized to stimulate either an increase in the total HSAF yield or HSAF yield per optical density unit in a cell culture.