<p>The diversity of the work and the high workload of Catholic priests may compromise their physical and psychological well-being. Extant research shows that meaning in life (MIL) is a significant protective factor for individuals, further underscoring the need to research this construct among Catholic priests. However, considering the vast corpus of definitions and instruments used to assess MIL, it is necessary to summarize extant research and its theoretical and methodological features to identify research gaps and advance knowledge. This study aimed to map the theoretical frameworks, definitions, instruments, and main research results focused on the MIL of Catholic priests. Initially, articles were collected from four databases. Then, a Google Scholar search was conducted to ensure the inclusion of newly published articles. In the end, 11 articles met the inclusion criteria. Results showed that not all the studies explicitly presented the theoretical framework or definition of MIL. Moreover, four instruments were used to assess MIL, but the MIL of Catholic priests has also been examined through the construct “purpose in life.” Results also indicate that intrinsic religious orientation, ministry satisfaction, and emotional intelligence are positively related to MIL, whereas quest religiosity, extrinsic religious orientation, emotional exhaustion, and introversion are negatively related. Finally, regression models showed that MIL (1) predicts burnout negatively and (2) does not predict work-related psychological health (assessed through burnout). Findings of the current scoping review call researchers’ attention to the theoretical and methodological aspects of the sampled studies and open new avenues for research on the MIL of Catholic priests.</p>