<p>This exploratory study investigates how self-compassion, grandiose narcissism, fragile narcissism, and shame differ among a sample comprising self-identified Christians (<i>n</i> = 303) and atheists (<i>n</i> = 328). Christians reported significantly higher levels of self-compassion and grandiose narcissism, suggesting a unique psychological profile in which religious belief may simultaneously support self-kindness and moral or spiritual self-enhancement. In contrast, no significant group differences emerged for fragile narcissism or shame, perhaps implying these more covert vulnerabilities are not strongly associated with religious affiliation. Competing theoretical interpretations for these findings are discussed, alongside practical implications for pastoral counseling, therapy, and spiritual care. Interventions aimed at fostering humility and differentiation of self may help buffer against grandiose tendencies in religious contexts, while secular approaches to cultivating self-compassion may benefit nonreligious individuals. These findings underscore the importance of tailoring psychological support to individuals’ belief systems, values, and emotional needs rather than assuming uniform effects of religiosity or secularism.</p>