<p>This study investigates the microstructural characteristics and corrosion behavior of nickel-based and iron-based alloy coatings fabricated via laser cladding (LC) by electrochemical methods and microanalysis measurements, in comparison with conventional electroplated hard chromium (EHC) coatings. The results demonstrate that LC coatings form robust metallurgical bonds with the substrate, unlike EHC’s weaker physical bonds. The nickel-based LC coating’s multi-scale microstructure displays Fe–Ni matrix containing Fe–Ni–Cr solid solutions and (FeNi)₂₃C₆ carbide precipitates, which promotes homogeneous corrosion and stable protective oxide films, enabling effective Cl⁻ resistance. In contrast, the iron-based LC coating’s austenitic matrix with Fe–Cr intermetallic compounds induces microgalvanic corrosion, accelerating localized attack and degrading protective efficiency. EHC relies on a Cr₂O₃ film for protection but suffers from limited cohesion due to its physical bond. These results establish LC nickel-based alloys as a potential alternative to EHC for aircraft surface modification, offering enhanced corrosion resistance via metallurgical bonding and optimized microstructures.</p>