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<p>Hot corrosion leads to a significant challenge for next-generation concentrating solar power systems, particularly in thermal energy storage and heat transfer applications at elevated temperatures. This study investigated the corrosion behavior of 430 ferritic stainless steel in nitrate salts at 650&#xa0;°C and proposed a targeted protective strategy. The primary novelty lies in the identification of a critical interfacial oxygen recombination mechanism via in situ <sup>18</sup>O isotopic tracing. This mechanism drives oxide phase transformations, reducing activation energy and generating high-density defects that accelerate oxidant transport. Consequently, the uncoated steel suffered catastrophic failure, characterized by a 12-fold increase in oxide scale thickness and severe Cr-depletion. To mitigate this, a multilayer Si-P-Co-W (SPCW) coating was developed. Mechanistically, the coating blocks the interfacial oxygen recombination and suppresses Cr<sup>3+</sup> outward diffusion through a dense tungsten-rich barrier. The coating significantly enhances corrosion resistance, reducing the internal oxidation depth from 13 ± 2.18&#xa0;μm to 4.5 ± 0.9&#xa0;μm, demonstrating its potential for high-temperature thermal energy storage applications.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Hot Corrosion Behavior and Protection of 430 Ferritic Stainless Steel in Nitrate Salts at 650 ℃

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月6日

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  • Xingyue Liu,
  • Wenchao Zheng,
  • Xiaolong Li,
  • Guo-jun Tang,
  • Lin Hu,
  • Sanlin Fei,
  • Dunshi Zhou,
  • Lu Gan

摘要

Hot corrosion leads to a significant challenge for next-generation concentrating solar power systems, particularly in thermal energy storage and heat transfer applications at elevated temperatures. This study investigated the corrosion behavior of 430 ferritic stainless steel in nitrate salts at 650 °C and proposed a targeted protective strategy. The primary novelty lies in the identification of a critical interfacial oxygen recombination mechanism via in situ 18O isotopic tracing. This mechanism drives oxide phase transformations, reducing activation energy and generating high-density defects that accelerate oxidant transport. Consequently, the uncoated steel suffered catastrophic failure, characterized by a 12-fold increase in oxide scale thickness and severe Cr-depletion. To mitigate this, a multilayer Si-P-Co-W (SPCW) coating was developed. Mechanistically, the coating blocks the interfacial oxygen recombination and suppresses Cr3+ outward diffusion through a dense tungsten-rich barrier. The coating significantly enhances corrosion resistance, reducing the internal oxidation depth from 13 ± 2.18 μm to 4.5 ± 0.9 μm, demonstrating its potential for high-temperature thermal energy storage applications.

Graphical Abstract