<p>This paper studies the influence of laser shock peening (LSP) on the high-temperature oxidation behavior of NiPtAl-Hf coatings and evaluates their performance under thermal cycling conditions. The surface morphology and microstructure of the coatings were characterized and analyzed. High-temperature service performance was evaluated by examining the phase transition of θ-Al₂O₃ and α-Al₂O₃ and the evolution of the thermally grown oxide (TGO) through transient oxidation and thermal cycling tests. Results showed that LSP significantly promotes the phase transition from θ-Al₂O₃ to α-Al₂O₃. The effect is attributed to the high-density dislocations and plastic deformation regions introduced by LSP, which provide abundant heterogeneous nucleation sites for α-Al₂O₃. Comparative cyclic oxidation experiments further showed that LSP refines the grain structure and introduces dislocation networks, enhancing aluminum diffusion for selective oxidation and mitigating thermal stress generated during thermal cycling process. Consequently, the TGO exhibits more stable growth with reduced cracking. Additionally, LSP introduces a high density of dislocations, which can act as short-circuit diffusion channels for the rapid diffusion of Al element. The accelerated Al supply promotes the rapid formation of a continuous and dense Al₂O₃ film during the initial stage of oxidation. These findings highlight the potential of LSP as an effective strategy to enhance the thermal cycling performance of NiPtAl-Hf coatings for high-temperature applications.</p>