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<p>This work investigates the design and performance analysis of an optimized Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) sensor aimed at enhancing the detection sensitivity of fuel adulteration. A sodium-based SPR structure coated with MoS<sub>2</sub>, Ta<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>, TiO<sub>2</sub>, and AlON thin films is proposed for real-time fuel monitoring. The optical response of the sensor is analyzed using the Transfer Matrix Method (TMM), its performance is validated through Finite Element Method (FEM) simulations within the Kretschmann configuration at a near-infrared wavelength of 1.55 µm. Key performance parameters, including sensitivity, figure of merit (FOM), and limit of detection (LOD), are evaluated to assess the sensing capability of the proposed structure. The optimized configuration achieves maximum sensitivities of 205.8270&#xa0;deg/RIU and 524.7584&#xa0;deg/RIU for petrol and diesel samples, respectively, demonstrating its strong potential for detecting low concentrations of kerosene in fuel. These results indicate that the proposed sodium-based SPR sensor offers high sensitivity, reliability, and practical applicability for fuel quality monitoring.</p>

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A highly sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor for reliable fuel adulteration monitoring

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月10日

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  • Habibeh Pourhassan,
  • Shiva Ahsani,
  • Reza Hemmati

摘要

This work investigates the design and performance analysis of an optimized Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) sensor aimed at enhancing the detection sensitivity of fuel adulteration. A sodium-based SPR structure coated with MoS2, Ta2O5, TiO2, and AlON thin films is proposed for real-time fuel monitoring. The optical response of the sensor is analyzed using the Transfer Matrix Method (TMM), its performance is validated through Finite Element Method (FEM) simulations within the Kretschmann configuration at a near-infrared wavelength of 1.55 µm. Key performance parameters, including sensitivity, figure of merit (FOM), and limit of detection (LOD), are evaluated to assess the sensing capability of the proposed structure. The optimized configuration achieves maximum sensitivities of 205.8270 deg/RIU and 524.7584 deg/RIU for petrol and diesel samples, respectively, demonstrating its strong potential for detecting low concentrations of kerosene in fuel. These results indicate that the proposed sodium-based SPR sensor offers high sensitivity, reliability, and practical applicability for fuel quality monitoring.