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<p>In this paper, a symmetric bilateral D-shaped photonic crystal fiber surface plasmon resonance (PCF-SPR) sensor is proposed for low-refractive-index detection in the mid-infrared band. The SPR effect is excited by depositing gold(Au) as the plasmonic material into the microchannels, thereby enabling detection within a low-refractive-index range. Utilizing the finite element method (FEM) combined with perfectly matched layer (PML) boundary conditions, the effects of structural parameters—such as gold film thickness, air hole size, and air hole pitch—on the sensor’s performance are comprehensively investigated. The results demonstrate that the proposed sensor operates stably within the molecular spectral fingerprint region of 2.10–2.25&#xa0;μm, achieving high-precision detection for low-refractive-index analytes ranging from 1.20 to 1.28. Specifically, at a refractive index of 1.27, the sensor achieves a maximum wavelength sensitivity of 7000&#xa0;nm/RIU and a high resolution of 1.43 × 10<sup>−5</sup> RIU. The proposed sensor integrates mature side-polishing fabrication techniques with mid-infrared spectral characteristics, exhibiting broad application prospects in fields such as specialty fluorinated solvent monitoring and cryogenic environmental sensing.</p>

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Mid-infrared low-refractive-index SPR sensor based on dual-channel D-shaped photonic crystal fiber

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月11日

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  • Fang Tan,
  • Zhitao Zhang,
  • Dexiao Chen,
  • Songsong Ge,
  • Yanke Zhang,
  • Zhihao Zhao,
  • Wen Gao,
  • Lili Wang

摘要

In this paper, a symmetric bilateral D-shaped photonic crystal fiber surface plasmon resonance (PCF-SPR) sensor is proposed for low-refractive-index detection in the mid-infrared band. The SPR effect is excited by depositing gold(Au) as the plasmonic material into the microchannels, thereby enabling detection within a low-refractive-index range. Utilizing the finite element method (FEM) combined with perfectly matched layer (PML) boundary conditions, the effects of structural parameters—such as gold film thickness, air hole size, and air hole pitch—on the sensor’s performance are comprehensively investigated. The results demonstrate that the proposed sensor operates stably within the molecular spectral fingerprint region of 2.10–2.25 μm, achieving high-precision detection for low-refractive-index analytes ranging from 1.20 to 1.28. Specifically, at a refractive index of 1.27, the sensor achieves a maximum wavelength sensitivity of 7000 nm/RIU and a high resolution of 1.43 × 10−5 RIU. The proposed sensor integrates mature side-polishing fabrication techniques with mid-infrared spectral characteristics, exhibiting broad application prospects in fields such as specialty fluorinated solvent monitoring and cryogenic environmental sensing.