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<p>This work introduces a geometrically optimised photonic crystal fibre (PCF) biosensor for the detecting MCF-7 cancer cells based on localised surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). A comparative analysis was conducted to examine the effects of several gold nanoparticle (AuNP) geometries, including Rectangular, Cylindrical, Circular, Square, Hexagonal, and Elliptical, on the confinement loss (CL) and sensitivity (Amplitude and Wavelength) of the biosensor. The shape of AuNPs has a significant impact on the excitation of plasmonic and resonance properties, according to simulation studies based on the Finite Element Method (FEM). The best response is shown by the Elliptical AuNPs design, which achieves ‘CL’ values of <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({986}{\text{.718 dB/cm}}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> (cancer cell) and <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({828}{\text{.521 dB/cm}}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> (healthy cell). Additionally, it has the highest resolution of <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({1}{\text{.40}} \times {10}^{{ - 5}} RIU\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, the highest wavelength sensitivity (WS) (<InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\({7142}{\text{.86 nm RIU}}^{{ - 1}}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>), and the highest amplitude sensitivity (AS) <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\left( {{ - 854}{\text{.08 RIU}}^{{ - 1}} } \right)\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. According to the results, Elliptical AuNP integration greatly improves sensing performance, which makes the suggested LSPR-PCF biosensor a viable platform for early cancer detection. In contrast to traditional research that concentrates on specific nanoparticle geometries, this study offers a methodical and controlled comparison of six different AuNP geometries under the same PCF-LSPR settings. Moreover, a hybrid SPR–LSPR setup that combines discrete nanoparticles with a continuous gold sheet is suggested to improve plasmonic interaction. The findings show that because of higher electromagnetic field confinement and increased longitudinal plasmon resonance, anisotropic elliptical nanoparticles greatly increase amplitude sensitivity.</p>

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A highly sensitive shape-engineered AuNP-integrated LSPR-PCF biosensor with systematic comparative analysis for MCF-7 cancer detection

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月2日

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  • Khalid Mohd Ibrahimi,
  • Kusum K. Singh

摘要

This work introduces a geometrically optimised photonic crystal fibre (PCF) biosensor for the detecting MCF-7 cancer cells based on localised surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). A comparative analysis was conducted to examine the effects of several gold nanoparticle (AuNP) geometries, including Rectangular, Cylindrical, Circular, Square, Hexagonal, and Elliptical, on the confinement loss (CL) and sensitivity (Amplitude and Wavelength) of the biosensor. The shape of AuNPs has a significant impact on the excitation of plasmonic and resonance properties, according to simulation studies based on the Finite Element Method (FEM). The best response is shown by the Elliptical AuNPs design, which achieves ‘CL’ values of \({986}{\text{.718 dB/cm}}\) (cancer cell) and \({828}{\text{.521 dB/cm}}\) (healthy cell). Additionally, it has the highest resolution of \({1}{\text{.40}} \times {10}^{{ - 5}} RIU\) , the highest wavelength sensitivity (WS) ( \({7142}{\text{.86 nm RIU}}^{{ - 1}}\) ), and the highest amplitude sensitivity (AS) \(\left( {{ - 854}{\text{.08 RIU}}^{{ - 1}} } \right)\) . According to the results, Elliptical AuNP integration greatly improves sensing performance, which makes the suggested LSPR-PCF biosensor a viable platform for early cancer detection. In contrast to traditional research that concentrates on specific nanoparticle geometries, this study offers a methodical and controlled comparison of six different AuNP geometries under the same PCF-LSPR settings. Moreover, a hybrid SPR–LSPR setup that combines discrete nanoparticles with a continuous gold sheet is suggested to improve plasmonic interaction. The findings show that because of higher electromagnetic field confinement and increased longitudinal plasmon resonance, anisotropic elliptical nanoparticles greatly increase amplitude sensitivity.