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<p>This article presents a polarization-reconfigurable terahertz (THz) dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) operating in a higher-order hybrid electromagnetic (HEM₁₃<sub>δ</sub>​) mode. The proposed structure is capable of dynamically switching between linear polarization (LP) and left-/right-hand circular polarizations (LHCP/RHCP). This tri-state reconfigurability is achieved by employing a graphene sheet subjected to a direct current (DC) magnetic bias, which induces a nonreciprocal gyrotropic conductivity tensor in the material. The geometric configuration comprises a silicon (Si) cylinder and an outer ring, integrated on a silicon dioxide (SiO<sub>2</sub>​) substrate and excited via a slot aperture. Reversing the orientation of the applied magnetic field actively switches the sense of the circular polarization (CP) while strictly preserving the primary radiation characteristics. The electromagnetic performance is rigorously evaluated utilizing full-wave finite element method (FEM) simulations. Furthermore, a comprehensive theoretical framework is formulated to calculate the internal electric and magnetic field distributions and to derive analytical expressions for the resonance frequency of the HEM₁₃<sub>δ</sub> mode. The proposed DRA demonstrates robust impedance matching (∣S<sub>11</sub>​∣≤−10 dB) across the 2.96 to 3.015 THz frequency spectrum for all polarization states, yielding a fractional 3-dB axial ratio (AR) bandwidth of 1.84%. Characterized by a competitive peak gain (up to 9.52 dBi) and active polarization agility, the proposed device is highly suitable for integration into advanced subwavelength THz photonic and wireless communication systems.</p>

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High-gain higher-order mode THz dielectric antenna with graphene-based magnetic control for polarization switching

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月6日

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  • Saeed Fakhte,
  • Mohammad Mahdi Taskhiri

摘要

This article presents a polarization-reconfigurable terahertz (THz) dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) operating in a higher-order hybrid electromagnetic (HEM₁₃δ​) mode. The proposed structure is capable of dynamically switching between linear polarization (LP) and left-/right-hand circular polarizations (LHCP/RHCP). This tri-state reconfigurability is achieved by employing a graphene sheet subjected to a direct current (DC) magnetic bias, which induces a nonreciprocal gyrotropic conductivity tensor in the material. The geometric configuration comprises a silicon (Si) cylinder and an outer ring, integrated on a silicon dioxide (SiO2​) substrate and excited via a slot aperture. Reversing the orientation of the applied magnetic field actively switches the sense of the circular polarization (CP) while strictly preserving the primary radiation characteristics. The electromagnetic performance is rigorously evaluated utilizing full-wave finite element method (FEM) simulations. Furthermore, a comprehensive theoretical framework is formulated to calculate the internal electric and magnetic field distributions and to derive analytical expressions for the resonance frequency of the HEM₁₃δ mode. The proposed DRA demonstrates robust impedance matching (∣S11​∣≤−10 dB) across the 2.96 to 3.015 THz frequency spectrum for all polarization states, yielding a fractional 3-dB axial ratio (AR) bandwidth of 1.84%. Characterized by a competitive peak gain (up to 9.52 dBi) and active polarization agility, the proposed device is highly suitable for integration into advanced subwavelength THz photonic and wireless communication systems.