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<p>Water pollution has been an important concern because of the presence of various ions in water. The real-time detection of the ions in drinking water is extremely important for preventing the health issues in the human body. To determine the fluoride ions concentration in drinking water, the current research study demonstrates the experimental analysis of the SPR based fiber optic sensor using indium tin oxide (ITO). For fabrication of the sensor, Kretschmann configuration is used in the optical fiber. The wavelength interrogation method is implemented to do the analysis of the sensor. Sensitivity is found to increase with the increase in the thickness of ITO layer till 40&#xa0;nm and beyond that, it reduces. Maximum sensitivity is achieved by 40&#xa0;nm thick ITO layer based probe.</p>

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SPR sensing platform based on indium tin oxide for real-time fluoride detection in drinking water

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月9日

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  • Shikha Sachdeva,
  • Navneet K. Sharma

摘要

Water pollution has been an important concern because of the presence of various ions in water. The real-time detection of the ions in drinking water is extremely important for preventing the health issues in the human body. To determine the fluoride ions concentration in drinking water, the current research study demonstrates the experimental analysis of the SPR based fiber optic sensor using indium tin oxide (ITO). For fabrication of the sensor, Kretschmann configuration is used in the optical fiber. The wavelength interrogation method is implemented to do the analysis of the sensor. Sensitivity is found to increase with the increase in the thickness of ITO layer till 40 nm and beyond that, it reduces. Maximum sensitivity is achieved by 40 nm thick ITO layer based probe.