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<p>In this work, we investigate the propagation properties of Laguerre-Whittaker-Gaussian beams (LWGBs) through turbulent biological tissues. Using the Rytov approximation combined with the generalized Huygens–Fresnel integral, closed-form expressions for the average on-axis intensity of LWGBs propagating through such media are derived. Several special cases of practical interest are obtained as direct reductions of the general solution. Numerical simulations are then performed to analyze the evolution of the average beam intensity in different types of biological tissues and for various beam parameters. The results demonstrate that increasing certain source parameters, such as the topological charge <i>m</i>, the wavelength <i>λ</i>, and the beam width <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\omega_{0}\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, significantly enhances the resistance of LWGBs to turbulence effects. Moreover, the attenuation rate of the received intensity increases more rapidly when propagating through turbulent biological tissues with a higher refractive-index fluctuation strength, particularly in human upper dermis. These finding are particularly relevant for potential applications in medical imaging as well as in the diagnosis and assessment of turbulence related structural inhomogeneities in biological tissues.</p>

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Propagation behavior of Laguerre-Whittaker-Gaussian beams through biological tissues

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月17日

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  • F. Iraoui,
  • F. Khannous,
  • A. A. A. Ebrahim,
  • A. Belafhal

摘要

In this work, we investigate the propagation properties of Laguerre-Whittaker-Gaussian beams (LWGBs) through turbulent biological tissues. Using the Rytov approximation combined with the generalized Huygens–Fresnel integral, closed-form expressions for the average on-axis intensity of LWGBs propagating through such media are derived. Several special cases of practical interest are obtained as direct reductions of the general solution. Numerical simulations are then performed to analyze the evolution of the average beam intensity in different types of biological tissues and for various beam parameters. The results demonstrate that increasing certain source parameters, such as the topological charge m, the wavelength λ, and the beam width \(\omega_{0}\) , significantly enhances the resistance of LWGBs to turbulence effects. Moreover, the attenuation rate of the received intensity increases more rapidly when propagating through turbulent biological tissues with a higher refractive-index fluctuation strength, particularly in human upper dermis. These finding are particularly relevant for potential applications in medical imaging as well as in the diagnosis and assessment of turbulence related structural inhomogeneities in biological tissues.