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<p>A glass series of lithium bismuth borate networks containing different levels of molybdenum oxide has been synthesized by the melt-quenching process. The molybdenum oxide (MoO<sub>3</sub>) has been introduced at the expense of the bismuth oxide (Bi<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>), varying from zero to 8&#xa0;mol% with a step of 2%. The glass cross-linking is enhanced due to the increase of the <i>N</i><sub><i>4</i></sub> ratio and the Poisson’s ratio (<i>σ</i>) from 0.437 to 0.573 and from 0.263 to 0.287, respectively. The glass density (<i>D</i>) declined from 5.309&#xa0;g/cm<sup>3</sup> to 4.716&#xa0;g/cm<sup>3</sup> as a result of the replacement of Bi atoms with Mo atoms. The Young’s modulus (<i>Y</i><sub><i>m</i></sub>) values increase with increasing the MoO<sub>3</sub> content from 55.656 GPa to 72.004 GPa. The other elastic parameters have the same trend as the <i>Y</i><sub><i>m</i></sub>. The optical band gap (<i>E</i><sub><i>g</i></sub>) decreased from 2.373&#xa0;eV to 1.522&#xa0;eV as the glass composition changed from 0 to 8&#xa0;mol% of MoO<sub>3</sub>. The static refractive index (<i>n</i><sub><i>O</i></sub>) and the refractive index at the <i>D</i>-line are deduced from the <i>E</i><sub><i>g</i></sub> and <i>D</i>, respectively. The nonlinear refractive index (<i>n</i><sub><i>2</i></sub>) is empirically determined and found to increase with increasing MoO<sub>3</sub> content from 6.196 × 10<sup>− 11</sup> esu to 19.564 × 10<sup>− 11</sup> esu, making such glasses applicable for optical communication systems.</p>

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Modification of bismuth borate networks with lithium and molybdenum: effects on structure, optical, and nonlinear optical properties

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月30日

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  • Essam Banoqitah,
  • Ahmed H. Hammad

摘要

A glass series of lithium bismuth borate networks containing different levels of molybdenum oxide has been synthesized by the melt-quenching process. The molybdenum oxide (MoO3) has been introduced at the expense of the bismuth oxide (Bi2O3), varying from zero to 8 mol% with a step of 2%. The glass cross-linking is enhanced due to the increase of the N4 ratio and the Poisson’s ratio (σ) from 0.437 to 0.573 and from 0.263 to 0.287, respectively. The glass density (D) declined from 5.309 g/cm3 to 4.716 g/cm3 as a result of the replacement of Bi atoms with Mo atoms. The Young’s modulus (Ym) values increase with increasing the MoO3 content from 55.656 GPa to 72.004 GPa. The other elastic parameters have the same trend as the Ym. The optical band gap (Eg) decreased from 2.373 eV to 1.522 eV as the glass composition changed from 0 to 8 mol% of MoO3. The static refractive index (nO) and the refractive index at the D-line are deduced from the Eg and D, respectively. The nonlinear refractive index (n2) is empirically determined and found to increase with increasing MoO3 content from 6.196 × 10− 11 esu to 19.564 × 10− 11 esu, making such glasses applicable for optical communication systems.