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<p>Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is a fetal protein linked to tumour progression. Elevated AFP levels are indicative of several diseases, including liver cancer, and serve as a crucial biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The advance of non-invasive detection methods by means of high sensitivity and selectivity at low concentrations remains a significant challenge for early disease diagnosis. This study introduces a novel sensor structure coated with niobium diselenide (NbSe<sub>2</sub>) for early clinical detection of AFP, which is a significant risk factor for liver and other cancers. The sensor comprises a silicon dioxide (SiO<sub>2</sub>) core, sodium fluoride (NaF) cladding, a silver (Ag) metal layer, and a NbSe<sub>2</sub> sensing material. Ag thicknesses and NbSe<sub>2</sub> layers were optimized to maximize sensitivity. The bilayer sensor enables effective detection of AFP concentrations from 25 to 125&#xa0;ng/mL, with optimal parameters of 0.9&#xa0;nm NbSe<sub>2</sub> thickness and an incidence angle of 71.5°. The maximum sensitivity achieved is 4000&#xa0;nm.RIU<sup>−1</sup>, with a figure of merit (FOM) of 55.5 RIU<sup>−1</sup> at an AFP concentration of 25&#xa0;ng/mL. The effects of wavelength, angle, and layer thickness on detection sensitivity and FOM were also examined. The experimental feasibility of the fiber optic sensor fabrication process is discussed. This sensor structure has potential for real-time measurements and may assist as a supportive tool for early-stage cancer diagnostics in clinical platforms.</p>

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Niobium diselenide-coated SPR sensor for the detection of alpha-fetoprotein in biomedical applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月8日

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  • Saturappan Ravisekaran Srither,
  • Nasih Hma Salah,
  • Yesudasu Vasimalla,
  • Chella Santhosh,
  • Ramachandran Balaji,
  • Hogr M. Rasul,
  • Baljinder Kaur,
  • Santosh Kumar

摘要

Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is a fetal protein linked to tumour progression. Elevated AFP levels are indicative of several diseases, including liver cancer, and serve as a crucial biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The advance of non-invasive detection methods by means of high sensitivity and selectivity at low concentrations remains a significant challenge for early disease diagnosis. This study introduces a novel sensor structure coated with niobium diselenide (NbSe2) for early clinical detection of AFP, which is a significant risk factor for liver and other cancers. The sensor comprises a silicon dioxide (SiO2) core, sodium fluoride (NaF) cladding, a silver (Ag) metal layer, and a NbSe2 sensing material. Ag thicknesses and NbSe2 layers were optimized to maximize sensitivity. The bilayer sensor enables effective detection of AFP concentrations from 25 to 125 ng/mL, with optimal parameters of 0.9 nm NbSe2 thickness and an incidence angle of 71.5°. The maximum sensitivity achieved is 4000 nm.RIU−1, with a figure of merit (FOM) of 55.5 RIU−1 at an AFP concentration of 25 ng/mL. The effects of wavelength, angle, and layer thickness on detection sensitivity and FOM were also examined. The experimental feasibility of the fiber optic sensor fabrication process is discussed. This sensor structure has potential for real-time measurements and may assist as a supportive tool for early-stage cancer diagnostics in clinical platforms.